Solanum spirale Roxb.

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Shrubs glabrescent. Stems erect, 0.5-3 m tall, drying grooved angled. Leaves unequal paired; petiole 5-10 mm; blade of major leaf narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 9-22 × 4-11 cm, glabrous adaxially, with tufts of hairs in axils of main veins abaxially, base attenuate, margin entire, apex acuminate; blade of minor leaf resembling that of major leaf, 5-7 × 1.6-3 cm. Inflorescences leaf opposed or extra-axillary, short, simple scorpioid racemes; peduncle 3-12 mm, later bearing conspicuous pedicel scars. Pedicel 1.5-2.5 cm, deflexed at anthesis. Calyx 2-3 mm, (4-or) 5-lobed; lobes deltate, 0.5-1 mm. Corolla white, 8-10 mm, lobed ca. 3/4 way to base. Filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers 3-3.5 mm. Ovary glabrous. Style ca. 7 mm. Fruiting pedicel deflexed. Berry dull yellow-orange, globose, 1.1-1.6 cm in diam. Seeds yellow or tan, reniform-discoid, 3-3.5 × 2.5-3 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Dec.
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Shrub to 3 m, green, glabrous except for simple hairs mainly in tufts in axils of main veins of lower leaf-surface; prickles absent. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic; lamina 7–18 cm long, 2–2.5 cm wide, concolorous, entire; petiole 1–2.5 cm long, grooved above, narrowly winged almost to base. Inflorescence short, 5–10 (occasionally to 30)-flowered; peduncle 2–10 mm long; pedicels 10–15 mm long, slightly longer in fruit. Calyx 2–3 mm long; lobes rounded, 0.5–1 mm long. Corolla deeply incised, to 15 mm diam., white. Anthers 2–3 mm long. Berry globular, 10–15 mm diam., bright orange-yellow. Seeds 3–4 mm long, light yellow-brown, the margin slightly thickened.
A small shrub. It grows 4 m tall. The stem is erect and has sharp ridges. The plant is green. The leaves have very small leaves near there base. The flowers are white. They are in dense spiral groups. The fruit are round and yellow when ripe.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows on the edges of forests and by roads and tracks. In Yunnan in China it grows between 500-1900 m above sea level. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Thickets, streamsides, wastelands; at elevations from 500-1,900 metres. Mid-elevation forests.
Found in basaltic soil, on tracks, roadsand clearings in rainforest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The fruit are used to make soup. They are also eaten raw. The fruit are used as a spice. They are also used for chutney. They are usually dried. The young leaves are cooked and eaten. CAUTION: The unripe fruit are poisonous.
Uses fodder medicinal poison spice
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Beriberi (leaf), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Diuretics (root), Narcotics (root), Diuretic (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Spice (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Solanum spirale unspecified picture

Distribution

Solanum spirale world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001031359
COL ID 6YTBY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Solanum apoense Solanum callium Solanum naratida Solanum superficiens Solanum spirale var. tetrasepalum Solanum spirale