Solanum terminale Forssk.

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Woody climber up to 15 m, sometimes a straggling shrub or trailing in absence of support. Branches scurfy pubescent with simple and branched hairs on youngest parts, soon glabrescent. Leaves solitary or occasionally geminate; petiole (0.3)0.5-4 cm long; lamina usually membranous, 2-13.5 x (0.6)1-7 cm, generally ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, occasionally somewhat oblanceolate to obovate, rounded to cuneate at the base, ± decurrent into the petiole, apically usually ± acuminate, entire or sub-undulate and somewhat revolute, generally with only a few hairs, the more persistent ones somewhat swollen; lateral nerves 5-7 pairs, curved-ascending. Cymes terminal, becoming displaced laterally, paniculiform to racemiform or spiciform, lax to congested, usually many-flowered, the pedicels clustered in groups, often ± puberulous; peduncle (0.7)1-6.5(8.5) cm long; rhachis 0.2-5.5 cm long; pedicels 5-18(22 in fruit) mm long. Calyx 1.2-3 mm long, campanulate or cupular, pubescent, and sometimes with glandular hairs, to glabrous; lobes ± triangular to ovate, acute to sub-truncate; in fruit somewhat enlarged. Corolla blue to mauve or purple, sometimes white, with or without a conspicuous yellow or orange centre, 10-19 mm across, ± deeply stelliform; lobes 5-10 x 1-2.5 mm, linear-oblong or lanceolate, hooked, obtuse or acute, tomentellous to puberulous outside, often reflexed. Stamen filaments 0.3-1.3 mm long, linear, free (or connate outside the Flora Zambesiaca area); anthers 2-5 mm long, ± ellipsoid, emarginate at both ends, free or connate, densely papillose to epapillose on inner side. Ovary 0.75-1.5 mm in diameter, subglobose-conic or ellipsoid. Fruits orange or red to deep blue, 5-10 mm in diameter, globose to ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds pale brownish, 2.5-3 x 2-2.5 mm, reniform or ± obovate in outline, reticulate-veined, pseudo-tomentose with minute fibrils.
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Leaves solitary or occasionally geminate; petiole (0.3)0.5–4 cm long; lamina usually membranous, 2–13.5 × (0.6)1–7 cm, generally ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, occasionally somewhat oblanceolate to obovate, rounded to cuneate at the base, ± decurrent into the petiole, apically usually ± acuminate, entire or sub-undulate and somewhat revolute, generally with only a few hairs, the more persistent ones somewhat swollen; lateral nerves 5–7 pairs, curved-ascending.
Cymes terminal, becoming displaced laterally, paniculiform to racemiform or spiciform, lax to congested, usually many-flowered, the pedicels clustered in groups, often ± puberulous; peduncle (0.7)1–6.5(8.5) cm long; rhachis 0.2–5.5 cm long; pedicels 5–18 (22 in fruit) mm long.
Corolla blue to mauve or purple, sometimes white, with or without a conspicuous yellow or orange centre, 10–19 mm across, ± deeply stelliform; lobes 5–10 × 1–2.5 mm, linear-oblong or lanceolate, hooked, obtuse or acute, tomentellous to puberulous outside, often reflexed.
Stamen filaments 0.3–1.3 mm long, linear, free (or connate outside the Flora Zambesiaca area); anthers 2–5 mm long, ± ellipsoid, emarginate at both ends, free or connate, densely papillose to epapillose on inner side.
A woody climber. It grows 3-15 m long. The branches are hairy. The leaves are single. The leaf blade is 2-14 cm long by 1-7 cm wide. There are many flowers in a head. The fruit are orange or red and 5-10 mm across.
Calyx 1.2–3 mm long, campanulate or cupular, pubescent, and sometimes with glandular hairs, to glabrous; lobes ± triangular to ovate, acute to sub-truncate; in fruit somewhat enlarged.
Seeds pale brownish, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, reniform or ± obovate in outline, reticulate-veined, pseudo-tomentose with minute fibrils.
Branches scurfy pubescent with simple and branched hairs on youngest parts, soon glabrescent.
Woody climber up to 15 m, sometimes a straggling shrub or trailing in absence of support.
Fruits orange or red to deep blue, 5–10 mm in diameter, globose to ellipsoid, glabrous.
Ovary 0.75–1.5 mm in diameter, subglobose-conic or ellipsoid.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Forests, especially at edges, along streams and in rocky localities, at elevations from 900-1,300 metres. It is less frequent in areas of high-rainfall woodland.
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A tropical plant. It grows at the edges of forests and along streams and in rocky places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses food material medicinal poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Solanum terminale world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Comoros, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001031701
COL ID 4Y4G4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807511
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Solanum aculeolatum Solanum balboanum Solanum bifurcatum Solanum bilabiatum Solanum buchwaldii Solanum butaguense Solanum campanuliflorum Solanum comorense Solanum hemisymphyes Solanum holtzii Solanum inconstans Solanum lateritium Solanum laurentii Solanum leucanthum Solanum leucanthum Solanum lujaei Solanum massaiense Solanum phytolaccoides Solanum sychnoteranthum Solanum symphyostemon Solanum lianiforme Solanum lykipiense Solanum mangaschae Solanum meyeri-johannis Solanum penduliflorum Solanum preussii Solanum rhodesianum Solanum stolzii Solanum togoense Solanum togoense Solanum nakurense var. lykipiense Solanum plousianthemum subsp. kasima Solanum plousianthemum subsp. plousianthemum Solanum plousianthemum var. angustatum Solanum plousianthemum var. angustifrons Solanum plousianthemum var. buchwaldii Solanum plousianthemum var. commixtum Solanum plousianthemum var. gracilifilum Solanum plousianthemum var. kundelunguense Solanum plousianthemum var. kyimbilense Solanum plousianthemum var. microstelidium Solanum plousianthemum var. rhodesianum Solanum plousianthemum var. subtusbarbellatum Solanum suberosum var. calvum Solanum suberosum var. ramosivelutinum Solanum terminale subsp. inconstans Solanum terminale subsp. sanaganum Solanum terminale subsp. welwitschii Solanum welwitschii var. oblongum Solanum subcoriaceum Solanum bansoense subsp. sanaganum Solanum plousianthemum subsp. holtzii Solanum plousianthemum var. ugandae Solanum terminale Solanum plousianthemum var. conglutinans Solanum plousianthemum var. devians Solanum plousianthemum var. endosiphonotrichum Solanum plousianthemum var. epapillosum Solanum welwitschii var. strictum Solanum ruandae Solanum bansoense var. episporadotrichum Solanum welwitschii var. laxepaniculatum