Solanum torreanum A.E.Gonç.

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Climbing perennial herb to small shrub 0.5-3 m high, often ± sub-dichotomously branched, armed; hairs stellate, small, sessile or shortly stalked, regular or irregular, shortly and thinly radiate, occasionally with a longer central ray; prickles yellowish to fuscous, sometimes somewhat rusty-red, shining, 2-7 mm long, 0.7-4 mm wide at the base, broad based, laterally compressed or only so downwards, strongly recurved to ± straight, striate downwards, smooth upwards, often quite glabrous. Branches with a few stellate hairs, more abundant at the tips when young, occasionally reduced to the persistent stalk base when older, soon glabrescent, with scattered prickles. Leaves solitary, drying blackish; petiole 0.2-2.5 cm long; lamina membranous, 1-6 x 0.5-3.5 cm, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, base truncate, sub-rounded or sub-cordate, rarely ± cuneate, unequal-sided, apex acute or obtuse, sinuate to deeply lobed, the lobes ovate or sub-triangular to nearly oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, entire to shortly lobulate, the terminal one longer, both surfaces with ± sparse stellate hairs and rarely also few minute, sessile glands, sometimes quite glabrous above, lower surface paler and more densely hairy when young, very often with a few straight or slightly curved prickles scattered along the nerves, mainly on the midrib beneath, with 3-4 pairs of curved-ascending lateral nerves. Cymes lateral, leaf-remote, unbranched, racemiform, 1.5-3.5 cm across, 2-8-flowered, occasionally the flowers solitary, with a few hairs and usually also some recurved prickles; peduncle 0-5(10) mm long; rhachis 3-20 mm long. Flowers usually all hermaphrodite and fertile, 5-merous, laxly disposed; pedicels 7-16 mm long, filiform but thickened distally, with ± sparse hairs and a few short prickles, suberect, in fruit elongated to 18 mm, deflexed. Calyx 4-5 mm long and 4-7 mm across, ± campanulate, somewhat accrescent, deeply lobed, ± hairy to subglabrous and usually ± prickly; lobes ± unequal, 3-4 x 0.7-1 mm, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate and acuminate, in fruit enlarged to 7 x 2 mm. Corolla violet to lilacineous, 12-15 mm long, campanulate-stelliform or stelliform; limb 15-25(30) mm across; lobes 8-12 x 3-5.5 mm, oblong to ovate or narrowly triangular or lanceolate, acuminate, ± tomentose or hairy outside and glabrous or with a few stellate hairs along the midrib inside, recurved. Stamen filaments 0.7-1 mm long; anthers 6-8 x 1-1.5 mm, oblong-linear or elliptic-lanceolate in outline, emarginate at both ends. Ovary 1-1.3 mm in diameter or length, subglobose, glabrous; style 12-16 mm long, exceeding the stamens, straight but recurved at the apex. Fruit very shining, olivaceous or yellowish to deep red, drying blackish, 8-12 mm in diameter, globose. Seeds shining, pale yellowish, ± numerous, 2.5-3.5 x 2-3 mm, very compressed, reniform or lenticular, minutely reticulate all over.
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Leaves solitary, drying blackish; petiole 0.2–2.5 cm long; lamina membranous, 1–6 × 0.5–3.5 cm, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, base truncate, sub-rounded or sub-cordate, rarely ± cuneate, unequal-sided, apex acute or obtuse, sinuate to deeply lobed, the lobes ovate or sub-triangular to nearly oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, entire to shortly lobulate, the terminal one longer, both surfaces with ± sparse stellate hairs and rarely also few minute, sessile glands, sometimes quite glabrous above, lower surface paler and more densely hairy when young, very often with a few straight or slightly curved prickles scattered along the nerves, mainly on the midrib beneath, with 3–4 pairs of curved-ascending lateral nerves.
Climbing perennial herb to small shrub 0.5–3 m high, often ± sub-dichotomously branched, armed; hairs stellate, small, sessile or shortly stalked, regular or irregular, shortly and thinly radiate, occasionally with a longer central ray; prickles yellowish to fuscous, sometimes somewhat rusty-red, shining, 2–7 mm long, 0.7–4 mm wide at the base, broad based, laterally compressed or only so downwards, strongly recurved to ± straight, striate downwards, smooth upwards, often quite glabrous.
Corolla violet to lilacineous, 12–15 mm long, campanulate-stelliform or stelliform; limb 15–25(30) mm across; lobes 8–12 × 3–5.5 mm, oblong to ovate or narrowly triangular or lanceolate, acuminate, ± tomentose or hairy outside and glabrous or with a few stellate hairs along the midrib inside, recurved.
Calyx 4–5 mm long and 4–7 mm across, ± campanulate, somewhat accrescent, deeply lobed, ± hairy to subglabrous and usually ± prickly; lobes ± unequal, 3–4 × 0.7–1 mm, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate and acuminate, in fruit enlarged to 7 × 2 mm.
Cymes lateral, leaf-remote, unbranched, racemiform, 1.5–3.5 cm across, 2–8-flowered, occasionally the flowers solitary, with a few hairs and usually also some recurved prickles; peduncle 0–5(10) mm long; rhachis 3–20 mm long.
Flowers usually all hermaphrodite and fertile, 5-merous, laxly disposed; pedicels 7–16 mm long, filiform but thickened distally, with ± sparse hairs and a few short prickles, suberect, in fruit elongated to 18 mm, deflexed.
Branches with a few stellate hairs, more abundant at the tips when young, occasionally reduced to the persistent stalk base when older, soon glabrescent, with scattered prickles.
Ovary 1–1.3 mm in diameter or length, subglobose, glabrous; style 12–16 mm long, exceeding the stamens, straight but recurved at the apex.
Seeds shining, pale yellowish, ± numerous, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm, very compressed, reniform or lenticular, minutely reticulate all over.
Stamen filaments 0.7–1 mm long; anthers 6–8 × 1–1.5 mm, oblong-linear or elliptic-lanceolate in outline, emarginate at both ends.
Fruit very shining, olivaceous or yellowish to deep red, drying blackish, 8–12 mm in diameter, globose.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses gene source
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Solanum torreanum world distribution map, present in Mozambique, eSwatini, and South Africa

Conservation status

Solanum torreanum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001031786
COL ID 6YTBB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Solanum torreanum