Solanum triflorum Nutt.

Small nightshade (en), Morelle à trois fleures (fr), Morelle à trois fleurs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Sprawling annual herb, green, sparsely pubescent with simple hairs; stems to 1 m long, sometimes rooting at nodes; prickles absent. Leaves ovate or elliptic; lamina 2–4 cm long, 1–2.5 cm wide, concolorous, shallowly lobed or dentate to deeply lobed; margin recurved and thickened; petiole 5–10 mm long. Inflorescence short, 1–3– flowered, with small terminal leaflet; peduncle 10–30 mm long; pedicels 3–5 mm long. Calyx 3–5 mm long; lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, 1.5–2 mm long, slightly larger and becoming reflexed in fruit. Corolla stellate, 5–6 mm diam., white or rarely pale lavender. Anthers 2.5 mm long. Berry globular, 8–12 mm diam., whitish-green, marbled. Seeds 1–2 mm long, light brownish-yellow. Stone-cell granules c. 1 mm diam.
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Sprawling annual herb, green, sparsely pubescent with simple hairs; stems to 1 m long, sometimes rooting at nodes; prickles absent. Leaves ovate or elliptic; lamina 2-4 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, concolorous, shallowly lobed or dentate to deeply lobed; margin recurved and thickened; petiole 5-10 mm long. Inflorescence short, 1-3-flowered, with small terminal leaflet; peduncle 10-30 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long. Calyx 3-5 mm long; lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, 1.5-2 mm long, slightly larger and becoming reflexed in fruit. Corolla stellate, 5-6 mm diam., white or rarely pale lavender. Anthers 2.5 mm long. Berry globular, 8-12 mm diam., whitish-green, marbled. Seeds 1-2 mm long, light brownish-yellow. Stone-cell granules c. 1 mm diam.
Annual, suffrutescent herb, spreading, unarmed, hairs simple, multicelled, scattered. Stems up to 1 m long, sometimes rooting at nodes. Leaves up to 40 x 25 mm, outline ovate or elliptic, pinnatisect, margins ± recurved, thickened; petioles up to 10 mm long. Inflorescence short, subumbellate, 1-3-flowered; peduncle 10-30 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long. Calyx 5 mm in diam., larger in fruit, lobes ± lanceolate, 3-5 mm long. Corolla stellate, 5-6 mm in diam., white, pale lavender. Flowering time Jan.-Mar. Fruit globose, up to 15 mm in diam., whitish green marbled; stone grains many, spherical, 1 mm in diam. Seeds many, ovoid, flattened, reticulate, 1-2 mm long, light brown-yellow.
Foetid annual, ± prostrate, branched from the base, 1–6 dm, short-hairy or eventually glabrate; lvs short-petiolate, the blade 2–5 × 1–3 cm, evidently pinnatilobate, the rachis seldom wider than the length of the lobes; cal accrescent, the tube short, the rather narrow lobes to 6 mm in fr; fr globose, greenish, 9–14 mm; 2n=24; otherwise like nos. 2 [Solanum nigrum L.] and 3 [Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn.]. Native to w. U.S., occasionally intr. as a weed in our range.
Perennial herb. Stems annual, spreading or decumbent. Spines absent. Leaves shortly petiolate; blade narrowly ovate, margins pinnatipartite, lobes linear. Flowers: in 2-or 3-flowered clusters; corolla ± 10 mm wide, white, occasionally purple-tinged. Fruit an orange-red berry, ± 10 mm in diameter.
An annual plant. It is low and spreading. It forms mats. The leaves are alternate and simple. They are deeply lobed. They are 2.5-8 cm long. The flowers is white and 5-10 mm across. They are borne in clusters of 3. The fruit is a small, round, green berry.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.75
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in temperate places. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 2,500 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Dry plains, open woods, roadsides etc. Dunes, recreational areas, along the sides of roads, waste places etc.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-11

Usage

CAUTION: The fruit are classed as poisonous. The fruit are occasionally eaten. They are also boiled and dried and mixed with chili and salt and used as a flavouring.
Uses medicinal poison
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Antidiarrheal (fruit), Pediatric Aid (fruit), Gastrointestinal Aid (fruit), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Solanum triflorum leaf picture by Kelly Derkson (cc-by-sa)
Solanum triflorum leaf picture by devin welty (cc-by-sa)
Solanum triflorum leaf picture by Dee Tee (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Solanum triflorum flower picture by Kelly G (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Solanum triflorum world distribution map, present in Albania, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Lesotho, Netherlands, Peru, Romania, Slovakia, Uruguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001031853
COL ID 4Y4JB
BDTFX ID 65005
INPN ID 124122
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Solanum calophyllum Solanum mendocinum Solanum pyrethrifolium Solanum triflorum Solanum triflorum f. triflorum Solanum ponticum Solanum gaudichaudii var. pyrethrifolium Solanum triflorum var. calophyllum Solanum triflorum var. dentatum Solanum triflorum var. majus Solanum triflorum var. minus Solanum triflorum var. ponticum Solanum triflorum var. pyrethrifolium Solanum triflorum var. triflorum Solanum triflorum f. malvinum de langhe & d'hose