Solanum viarum Dunal

Tropical soda apple (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Straggling, short-lived, perennial herbs or subshrubs, 1-2 m high. Stems much branched at and above base; stems, petioles, pedicels and leaves densely glandular-puberulent with ± uniform, multicelled, straight, simple hairs less than 0.5 mm long, some hairs eglandular; stem prickles few, most with thickened and flattened bases and conspicuously recurved, up to 6 mm long. Leaves solitary or in pairs, membranous, blades broadly ovate to ovate-triangular, base subcordate, 80-150 x 50-150 mm, sinuate-lobed up to 1/3 of way to midrib, lobes 4-6, subobtuse or subacute, lower surface also with 4 or 5-rayed stellate hairs, rays nearly always in one plane, one ray longer than rest, up to 0.5 mm long; armed on midrib and minor veins with straight, acicular, laterally compressed, broad-based, whitish to yellowish prickles up to 20 mm long; petioles 20-90 mm long, armed with similar prickles. Inflorescences axillary, 4-or 5-flowered; peduncles stout, 15-20 mm long. Calyx pubescent on outside, 4-7 mm long, 5-lobed to about middle; lobes triangular-ovate, enlarging and concealing immature fruit, then prickly on outside. Corolla white or greenish, 15-27 mm diam., deeply stellately 5-lobed; lobes broadly lanceolate, 8-12 mm long, recurved, apex acute to mucronate, outer surface pubescent with glandular and eglandular hairs. Stamens white to cream; filaments ± 1 mm long; anthers linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 8-10 mm long, pores minute. Ovary globose, densely and minutely puberulent: stigma capitate. Fruit globose, 15-30 mm diam. when mature, minutely puberulent when young, later smooth and glabrous, immature fruit pale and dark green with white mottling, yellow at maturity with leathery skin surrounding thin-layered, pale green, mucilaginous, scented pulp. Seeds numerous, 190-385, moderately compressed, suborbicular, ±2 mm long, lacking marginal wing, surface reddish brown, very minutely rugulose, seed coat closely investing the endosperm.
More
Herbs or subshrubs, erect, 0.5-1(-2) m tall, armed, minutely tomentose with many-celled, simple, mostly glandular hairs. Stems and branches terete, densely and evenly pubescent with many-celled, simple hairs to 1 mm, armed with recurved prickles 2-5 × 1-5(-8) mm and sometimes with needlelike prickles 1-4 mm. Leaves unequal paired; petiole stout 3-7 cm, armed with erect, flat straight prickles 0.3-1.8 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, 6-13 × 6-12 cm, with prickles and coarse, many-celled, glandular simple hairs on both surfaces, these mixed with sparse, sessile, stellate hairs abaxially, base truncate to short hastate, margin 3-5-lobed or-parted; lobes blunt at apex. Inflorescences extra-axillary, subfasciculate, 1-5-flowered racemes; peduncle obsolete or short. Flowers andromonoecious, only basal ones fertile. Pedicel 4-6 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 10 × 7 mm, lobes oblong-lanceolate, 0.6-1.2 mm, hairy and sometimes prickly abaxially. Corolla white or green; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2.5 × 10 mm, pubescent as on calyx. Filaments 1-1.5 mm; anthers lanceolate, acuminate, 6-7 mm. Ovary puberulent. Style ca. 8 mm, glabrous. Berry pale yellow, globose, 2-3 cm in diam. Seeds brown, lenticular, 2-2.8 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jun-Oct.
A stout undershrub. It grows up to 1.2 m tall. The young parts have dense yellow hairs. They are prickly. The leaves are oval and have lobes. They are prickly on both surfaces. The flowers are in groups of a few. The flowers are 1 cm across. The fruit are round and 2.5 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality andromonoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. In SW China it grows between 1,400-2,200 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves and fruit are eaten as a vegetable.
Uses gene source medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Addison's disease (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Antinematodal agents (unspecified), Anti-obesity agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Contraceptives, oral (unspecified), Leukemia (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Paralysis (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Rheumatoid arthritis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Solanum viarum habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Solanum viarum habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Solanum viarum habit picture by Gabriel Ollivier (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Solanum viarum leaf picture by Kamthenlal Dimngel (cc-by-sa)
Solanum viarum leaf picture by chongtham naoba chongtham naoba (cc-by-sa)
Solanum viarum leaf picture by Lemaire Romain (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Solanum viarum fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Solanum viarum fruit picture by JP Corrêa Carvalho (cc-by-sa)
Solanum viarum fruit picture by JP Corrêa Carvalho (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Solanum viarum world distribution map, present in Argentina, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, eSwatini, Uruguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Solanum viarum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001032367
COL ID 6Z5BM
BDTFX ID 167682
INPN ID 969316
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Solanum ambrosiacum Solanum chloranthum Solanum khasianum var. chatterjeeanum Solanum viridiflorum Solanum viarum