Solanum villosum Mill.

Hairy nightshade (en), Morelle poilue (fr), Morelle velue (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Unarmed annual with ± erect stems to c. 40 cm tall, much-branched and somewhat bushy, moderately hairy, especially on young parts; hairs simple, of 2 types: antrorse, subappressed and scattered or short, erect, and glandular; stems often black. Petioles < 2 cm long. Lamina to 7 × 5 cm, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, becoming glabrate above, remaining hairy beneath, especially towards base, usually shallowly and sinuately lobed or with 1-2 teeth each side, less often entire; margins with dense simple hairs and numerous glandular hairs; base broad-cuneate; apex acute. Cymes pseudoumbellate, with up to 6 fls; peduncles to c. 10 mm long at anthesis, densely covered in antrorse hairs and a few glandular ones; pedicels ± recurved at fruiting. Calyx 1-2 mm long; lobes ovate or triangular-ovate, becoming reflexed, somewhat accrescent. Corolla 8-11 mm diam., white; lobes ± triangular, densely hairy outside. Anthers 1.7-2 mm long. Berry 6-10 mm diam., globose or nearly so, reddish or orange-yellow; stone cells 0. Seeds 1.8-2.2 mm diam., obovoid to ± ellipsoid or almost reniform.
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Herbs erect, 40-60 cm tall, much branched; pubescence of simple, sometimes glandular hairs. Stems pubescent, often angular. Petiole 5-10 mm, winged; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3-7 × 2-4 cm, sparsely pubescent, base cuneate, decurrent, margin entire, sinuate, or coarsely dentate, apex acute. Inflorescences extra-axillary, umbellate; peduncle 1 cm, unbranched. Pedicel 4-6 mm. Calyx 2 × 1-1.5 mm, puberulent; lobes obtuse, less than 1 mm, ciliate, sinuses rounded. Corolla white or purplish, sometimes drying yellowish, 5-7 × 8-10 mm; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, ciliate, strongly spreading and reflexed. Filaments 1.5-1.8 mm, pubescent; anthers ca. 2 mm. Style 3-4.5 mm, pilose at base. Fruiting pedicel 1-1.5 cm, pubescent. Berry red, orange, or yellow, often bright, globose, 6-8 mm in diam. Seeds discoid, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Nov.
Herb, usually annual, to 70 cm, green, slightly to densely pubescent with glandular or simple, non-glandular hairs; prickles absent. Leaves ovate, the lamina up to 8 cm long, commonly c. 4 cm, 3–6 cm wide, concolorous, entire or shallowly lobed; petiole to 4.5 cm long. Inflorescence short, 3–8–flowered; peduncle and pedicels c. 1 cm long. Calyx 1.2–2 mm long; lobes semi-elliptic, 1 mm long. Corolla shallowly incised, 8–15 mm diam., white. Anthers 1.5–2.2 mm long. Berry almost globular, 5–9 mm diam., dull orange-red. Seeds 1.7–2.3 mm long, pale yellow.
Subshrub or herb, up to 0.7 m high, unarmed. Leaves almost entire or with 5-7 shallow lobes, greyish vil-lous-pubescent with simple or glandular hairs. Inflorescence a subumbellate raceme. Corolla 12 mm in diameter. Berries dull orange-red or yellow. Flowers white.
A herb. It is like Blackberried nightshade but the stems are white and hairy in their upper sections. The flowers are in clusters of 3-5. The fruit are red, orange or yellow when ripe. They are 1 cm across. The seeds can often be seen through the fruit wall.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.4 - 0.55
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Edges of Fagus/Abies forests, waste places, at elevations from 250-900 metres in Turkey. Disturbed areas and along the edges of agricultural fields. Slopes, valleys, near roads, shady places; at elevations from 100-1,300 metres.
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Edges of Fagus/Abies forests, waste places, at elevations from 250-900 metres in Turkey. Disturbed areas and along the edges of agricultural fields. Slopes, valleys, near roads, shady places; at elevations from 100-1,300 metres.
It is a tropical plant. In Kenya it grows in coastal zones. It grows from sea level to 2,400 m above sea level. The best temperature is 20-30°C. An annual rainfall of 500-1,200 mm is suitable.
A weed of tobacco crops in Qld.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-11

Usage

The leaves and shoots are cooked and eaten. The ripe fruit are eaten. They are also used for chutney.
Uses animal food food gene source medicinal poison
Edible fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (fruit), Antineoplastic agents (fruit), Edema (fruit), Skin diseases (fruit), Abdominal pain (root), Abortifacient agents (root), Edema (root), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Carcinogenic (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Poison(Arrow) (unspecified), Rennet (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Abdominal pain (unspecified), Chest pain (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Pharyngitis (unspecified), Puerperal disorders (unspecified)
Human toxicity strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity strong toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Under ideal conditions seeds germinate in 7 days. Stem cuttings can be used.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Solanum villosum habit picture by Radbout Timmer (cc-by-sa)
Solanum villosum habit picture by Paola (cc-by-sa)
Solanum villosum habit picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Solanum villosum leaf picture by Ian Goltrant (cc-by-sa)
Solanum villosum leaf picture by Willem Defieuw (cc-by-sa)
Solanum villosum leaf picture by wurms lionel (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Solanum villosum flower picture by Georges Olioso (cc-by-sa)
Solanum villosum flower picture by Jean-Pierre Pellegrini (cc-by-sa)
Solanum villosum flower picture by Jean-Pierre Pellegrini (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Solanum villosum fruit picture by Manganelli Carlo (cc-by-sa)
Solanum villosum fruit picture by francois hoeffelin (cc-by-sa)
Solanum villosum fruit picture by jaume sirerol (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Solanum villosum world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Albania, Armenia, Australia, Burundi, Belarus, Bhutan, China, Germany, Djibouti, Algeria, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Croatia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, North Macedonia, Nigeria, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Russian Federation, Sudan, Somalia, Slovakia, Syrian Arab Republic, Chad, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Solanum villosum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77193462-1
WFO ID wfo-0001032383
COL ID 4Y4PP
BDTFX ID 65017
INPN ID 124132
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Solanum nigrum f. robustum Solanum nigrum subvar. ochroleucum Solanum pseudovillosum Solanum arenarium Solanum canescens Solanum carmanicum Solanum flavum Solanum flavum Solanum incertum Solanum luteovirescens Solanum luteum var. miniatibaccatum Solanum olgae Solanum patens Solanum puniceum Solanum sinaicum Solanum villosum Solanum viridescens Witheringia rubra Solanum nigrum subvar. miniatum Solanum erythraeum Solanum hildebrandtii Solanum incanum Solanum incanum Solanum kitaibelii Solanum minutiflorum Solanum nilagiricum Solanum olivaceum Solanum plebeium Solanum purpureilineatum Solanum rubrum Solanum transcaucasicum Solanum woronowii Solanum nigrum f. angulosum Solanum nigrum f. angulosum Solanum nigrum f. humile Solanum alatum Solanum humile Solanum rubrum Solanum villosum Solanum zelenetzkii Solanum aegyptiacum Solanum luteum subsp. alatum Solanum luteum var. calvum Solanum luteum var. miniatibaccatum Solanum luteum var. procerum Solanum miniatum var. stenopetalum Solanum miniatum var. subserratum Solanum nigrum subsp. luteum Solanum nigrum subsp. miniatum Solanum nigrum subsp. miniatum Solanum nigrum subsp. puniceum Solanum nigrum subsp. villosum Solanum nigrum subsp. villosum Solanum nigrum subsp. villosum Solanum nigrum var. alatum Solanum nigrum var. croceum Solanum nigrum var. elbaensis Solanum nigrum var. humile Solanum nigrum var. humile Solanum nigrum var. induratum Solanum nigrum var. luteum Solanum nigrum var. miniatum Solanum nigrum var. rubrum Solanum nigrum var. villosum Solanum nigrum var. villosum Solanum nigrum var. villosum Solanum ochroleucum var. flavum Solanum plebeium var. brachysepalum Solanum plebeium var. subtile Solanum villosum subsp. alatum Solanum villosum subsp. alatum Solanum villosum subsp. miniatum Solanum villosum subsp. ochroleucum Solanum villosum subsp. puniceum Solanum villosum var. laevigata Solanum rubrum Solanum nigrum f. miniatum Solanum nigrum f. villosum Solanum miniatum var. villosissimum Solanum morella subsp. luteum Solanum nigrum subsp. alatum Solanum nigrum subsp. humile Solanum nigrum subsp. irano-algiricum Solanum nigrum subsp. luteovirescens Solanum villosum var. alatum Solanum villosum var. miniatibaccatum Solanum villosum var. miniatum Solanum villosum var. velutina Solanum vulgatum var. luteum Solanum nigrum var. luteum Solanum luteum f. miniatibaccatum Solanum nigrum f. glabrum Solanum nigrum var. sancti-marini Solanum nigrum var. villosum Solanum nigrum var. humile Solanum nigrum var. angustifolium Solanum nigrum var. aurantium Solanum nigrum var. flavum Solanum nigrum var. suffruticosum Solanum nigrum var. villosum Solanum nigrum var. rubrum Solanum villosum Solanum villosum