Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pav.

Field burrweed (en), Solivelle du Chili (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Soliva

Characteristics

Prostrate annual, forming patches up to c. 40 cm diam. Stems sparsely to densely clothed in long hairs, especially toward tips, rooting at nodes. Basal and lower cauline lvs petiolate, sheathing at base, sparsely to moderately hairy, 2-3-pinnatisect, up to 5 × 1.5 cm; primary divisions in 2-5 pairs; ultimate segments narrow-elliptic to subulate, not all in one plane giving a somewhat feathery appearance to the lf. Cauline lvs similar to basal but smaller, mostly 15 × 5-8 mm. Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, hairy, acute to apiculate, 3-6 mm long. Capitula inconspicuous at flowering, usually scattered along stems, 4-10 mm diam. at fruiting, with (3)-5-20-(27) mature achenes and central florets usually functionally ♂. Achenes glabrous or with short hairs on both surfaces and sometimes on wings, (2.5)-3-6 × 1.3-4.5 mm (including spine), with low central rib on outer face; lateral angles not winged or with narrow to broad thin wings; wings entire or shallowly to deeply 2-lobed, rounded at apex or extended into narrow projections; spine 1.3-2.5 mm long.
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Plants (1–)2–5(–25+) cm (high or across), ± villous, glabrescent (not stoloniferous, stems purplish, prostrate to ascending, often rooting at nodes). Leaves basal and cauline; blades ± oblanceolate, 1–2(–3)+ cm, 2(–3)-pinnati-palmately lobed. Heads mostly scattered along stems. Involucres 2–4(–5) mm diam. Pistillate florets 5–8(–17+) in 1–2+ series. Disc florets 4–8+; corollas 1.5–2.5 mm. Cypselae: bodies ± obovate to lanceolate, (1.5–)2.5–3+ mm, usually winged (wings entire or ± sinuate to incised, each shoulder usually distally projecting as spinelike tooth), faces glabrous or ± scabrellous to hirtellous; pappi 0 (persistent stylar sheaths indurate, spinelike, 1–2+ mm, erect or slightly inflexed). 2n = ca. 92 (as S. pterosperma), 110+ (from Portugal), 118–120.
Plants with scattered hairs c. 0.5–1 mm long. Leaves to c. 5 cm long, 2-pinnatisect, with primary segments elliptic to orbicular in outline; hairs largely abaxial. Capitulum 3–6 mm diam.; involucre 3–6 mm long; bracts 5–8, ovate to lanceolate, acute, with hyaline margin lacking; mature receptacle narrowly conical. Marginal florets 12–30. Disc floret corolla c. 2 mm long, c. 0.5 mm diam. Achenes (excluding spine) ± rotund to oblate in profile, 2–2.5 mm long, 2.5–4 mm wide, not woolly apically; body c. 1 mm wide, with scattered tubercle-based papillose hairs on both sides; wings 0.7–1.5 mm wide, incurved, entire or more often slightly to deeply notched towards base, forming an acute spine-like process apically, scarious, smooth; stylar spine 1.8–2.6 mm long.
Hairy, prostrate, annual herb, 0.05-0.20 m long. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect. Capitula disciform, solitary, sessile, surrounded by leaves; involucral bracts in 2 subequal rows. Ray florets female, fertile, in several rows; tube and lamina absent. Style persistent and spinescent in fruit. Disc florets with corolla 3-or 4-lobed, insignificantly yellowish green. Flowering time Oct., Nov. Pappus absent. Cypselae glabrous, dorsiventrally flattened, laterally winged; wings sometimes projected into apical teeth, sometimes transversely rugose.
A herb. It is an annual plant. It grows 5-25 cm tall. The leaves are oval and 1-5 cm long by 1 cm wide. They are deeply divided. It has sharp seeds.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.04 - 0.15
Root system adventitious-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In Argentina it grows between sea level and 1,500 m above sea level.
More
Grows in lawns, roadside verges, gardens and other disturbed sites.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

Uses poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Soliva sessilis habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Soliva sessilis habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Soliva sessilis habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Soliva sessilis leaf picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Soliva sessilis leaf picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Soliva sessilis leaf picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Soliva sessilis flower picture by Gonçalves da Cunha Lucas (cc-by-sa)
Soliva sessilis flower picture by Annette Neeley (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Soliva sessilis world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Spain, France, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, Paraguay, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330243-2
WFO ID wfo-0000137842
COL ID 4Y7VW
BDTFX ID 65147
INPN ID 124214
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Soliva pterosperma Gymnostyles pterosperma Soliva daucifolia Soliva microloma Gymnostyles alata Soliva neglecta Soliva valdiviana Gymnostyles chilensis Gymnostyles barcklayana Soliva alata Soliva sessilis var. sessilis Soliva sessilis var. barclayana Soliva sessilis