Sonneratia caseolaris Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Lythraceae > Sonneratia

Characteristics

Tree, 5-15 m, rarely up to 20 m, with many often very strong breathing-roots and a rather lax crown. Ultimate branchlets drooping, when young ob-tusely quadrangular, rarely sharply 4-angled, occasionally even narrowly 4-winged; in the latter case the internodes often quadricornute at the apex. Leaves variable in shape, elliptic, oblong or oval to obovate from a contracted or cuneate base, blunt or rounded at the apex, mucronate or not, 5-13 by 2-5 cm; on either side of the rather strong midrib with 8-12 more or less widely patent very thin, often inconspicuous lateral nerves, light green; petiole broad, very short, frequently almost obsolete. Flowerbuds broadly oval, with a rounded or very obtuse apex, less than twice as long as broad. Flowers (5-)6-8-merous. Calyx tube during anthesis shallowly cup-shaped, smooth; tube not or hardly ribbed; segments usually distinctly longer than the tube, inner side greenish-or yellowish-white. Petals linear-lanceolate, dark red, 1¾-2½ cm by 1½-3 mm. Filaments 2½-3½ cm long, in their lower part red, in their upper part white. Ovary 16-21-celled. Segments of fruiting calyx sub-horizontally spreading. Ripe berry resting on the flattened calyx-tube, green, 3-4 cm high, 5-7½ cm broad.
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Trees, columnar, 5-20 m tall. Pneumatophores ca. 1 m, thin, pointed; ultimate branchlets pendulous, 4-angled. Petiole 2-9 mm; leaf blade elliptic to broadly elliptic or broadly oblong, 4-11 × 2-7 cm, midrib prominent with inconspicuous lateral veins, base rounded, narrowly to broadly attenuate on petiole, apex rounded with minute, thick mucro. Flowers 5-7-merous. Floral tube 2.5-3 cm at anthesis, smooth, flattened in mature fruit; sepals adaxially green, often red-streaked, 1.4-1.9 cm. Petals red, linear, 1.8-2.9 cm × 1-3 mm. Staminal filaments red, sometimes white distally. Fruit [2-]4-5 cm in diam., broader than floral tube. Seeds irregularly angular, ca. 7 mm. Fl. winter, fr. spring-summer. 2n = 22, 24.
Tree 5–20 m high. Leaves: lamina elliptic to broadly elliptic or broadly oblong, 4.5–12 cm long, rounded, mucronate; petiole 2–9 mm long. Inflorescence 1–3-flowered. Flowers 5–7-merous. Sepals elliptic-triangular to ovate-triangular, 1.5–2 cm long, ±erect to spreading, green and warty outside, often red-streaked inside. Hypanthium shallowly cup-shaped, ribbed along sepal margins. Petals linear, 2–3 cm long, 1–3 mm wide, red. Stamens c. 3.5 cm long; filaments red. Ovary superior with 13–20 carpels; style 3–6 cm long. Fruit 2–4 cm diam., wider than hypanthium; hypanthium saucer-shaped. Seeds irregularly angular.
A medium sized tree. It grows 6-20 m tall. The trunk is swollen at the base when young. The trunk can be 30 cm across. Air roots are up to 60 cm long. The smallest branches are jointed and 4 angled. The leaves are thick, leathery and narrow. They are opposite. They are 5-13 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. The flowers occur singly. The petals are red and narrow and fall off very early. The outer case of sepals is green. The fruit are hard, round and pressed down at the tip. They are 4 cm long by 7.5 cm wide. They contain many seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical places in Asia. It grows in swamps of brackish water. They occur along the seashore and along the upper stretches of tidal streams throughout the Philippines. It grows in wetlands. It grows in mangroves. It can grow up to 900 m above sea level. In Townsville palmetum.
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Coastal mangrove communities, tidal creeks, in muddy soil. Less salt parts of mangrove-forests on a deeply muddy soil, never on coral-banks, often along tidal creeks with slow-moving water and ascending these as far as the flood mounts.
Grows in less salty parts of mangrove communities in deep muddy soil.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 7-11
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. The young berries, which have a sour taste, are eaten by the people; thejf wood is used for fuel but as such only when better fire-wood is unavail-able. The breathing roots, after having been boiled in water, furnish an inferior substitute for cork.TH. M. MEIJER, L. DE Vos & J. P. J. SAMWEL described the extraction and properties of pectin extracted from the fruits ( TH. M. MEIJER, L. DE Vos & J. P. J. SAMWEL De Ingenieur in Ned. Indië 7 sect. 5 1940 no 9, p. 5-7, f. 1 ).
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The fruit is cooked and eaten as food and used for vinegar. It has a sour taste. The young fruit are used for flavouring chutnies and curries. The ripe fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. They are also used for juice. The seeds and skin are removed. In Indonesia fruit are used to make syrup called Pedada.
Uses animal food dye environmental use food fuel material medicinal social use timber wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (fruit), Edema (fruit), Hemorrhage (fruit), Sprains and strains (fruit), Cough (unspecified), Hematuria (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Spice (unspecified), Sprain (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Sonneratia caseolaris leaf picture by prasadnayak2002 (cc-by-sa)
Sonneratia caseolaris leaf picture by prasadnayak2002 (cc-by-sa)
Sonneratia caseolaris leaf picture by prasadnayak2002 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Sonneratia caseolaris flower picture by Habibullah (cc-by-sa)
Sonneratia caseolaris flower picture by Habibullah (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Sonneratia caseolaris fruit picture by Herwig Mees (cc-by-sa)
Sonneratia caseolaris fruit picture by Habibullah (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Sonneratia caseolaris world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Spain, Indonesia, Iceland, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, and Timor-Leste

Conservation status

Sonneratia caseolaris threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:821818-1
WFO ID wfo-0001140434
COL ID 6Z6PD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 674314
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sonneratia rubra Aubletia caseolaris Blatti caseolaris Rhizophora caseolaris Sonneratia acida Blatti acida Sonneratia evenia Sonneratia neglecta Sonneratia obovata Sonneratia ovalis Sonneratia caseolaris