Sorbus americana Marshall

American mountain ash (en), Sorbier d’Amérique (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Sorbus

Characteristics

Shrubs or trees, 40–100 dm. Stems 1–4+; bark gray to bronze; winter buds green to purple, shiny, ovoid to conic, 7–20 mm, glutinous, glabrous or hairy along scale margins and at apex, hairs primarily rufous. Leaves pinnately compound; stipules early deciduous, rufous-ciliate, ?margins sometimes glandular?; blade paler abaxially, dull green to yellowish green adaxially, leaflets 11–17, opposite, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–10 × 1–2.5 cm, l/w ratio 3.4–5, margins serrulate to serrate, at least in apical 1/2 and often almost to base, apex acuminate to long acuminate, surfaces glabrous or glabrate at flowering, some hairs occasionally persisting abaxially along midvein; leaflet axils and petiole bases glabrous or with rufous and/or whitish hairs adaxially. Panicles 125–400+-flowered, flat-topped or rounded, 6–15 cm diam.; peduncles glabrous or sparsely villous. Pedicels glabrous or sparsely villous. Flowers 5–7.5(–8.5) mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous, hypanthium plus sepals 2–2.5 mm; sepals 0.5–1 mm, margins entire, often with a few thick glands; petals white, orbiculate to obovate, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4) mm; stamens 14–20; carpels 1/2 adnate to hypanthium, apex conic, styles 3 or 4, 1.5–2 mm. Infructescences glabrous or sparsely villous. Pomes bright red to orange-red, globose to subglobose, 4–7 mm diam., shiny, not glaucous; sepals inconspicuous, incurved. Seeds brown, yellowish when fresh or immature, ovoid to ovoid-lanceoloid, 2.5–3.3 × 1.5–2 mm, asymmetric, slightly flattened. 2n = 34.
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A deciduous shrub or small tree. It grows up to 8-10 m high. It has a short trunk. The bark is grey and smooth. The leaves are alternate and compound. The leaflets are curved and sword shaped. They taper to the tip. They are 5-8 cm long. They are thin and light green above and paler underneath. They are more narrow than showy mountain ash. (S. decora). The flowers have petals which are broadest toward the tip. They are 3-4 mm long. They are in dense flat clusters. The fruit are bright coral-red. They are 4-6 mm across. They have thin flesh.
Shrub or tree to 10(–15) m; twigs glabrous or nearly so; winter-buds glutinous, with glabrous or sparsely ciliate scales; lfls lanceolate to narrowly oblong, gradually acuminate, 5–9 cm, mostly 3–5 times as long as wide, sharply serrate, paler and usually glabrous beneath; infl 6–15 cm wide; hypanthium and sep glabrous; pet obovate, 3–4 mm, narrowed to the base, equaling or longer than the stamens; fr 4–7 mm thick; 2n=34. In moist or wet soil; Nf. to Minn., s. to Pa. and n. Ill., and in the mts. to n. Ga. May, June. (Pyrus a.)
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 7.0
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 10.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.7
Root diameter (meter) 1.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to E. North America. They grow on moist sites near swamps and also on dry soils on rocky hillsides. It grows up to 1830 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 2-9.
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Cool, moist woods, lake and stream shores, rocky hillsides, thickets; at elevations up to 1,300 metres.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 2-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-6

Usage

The fruit are bitter. They are dried and ground into a paste. After frost they become more palatable. The fruit are also used for syrups and jams.
Uses dye fiber forage material medicinal oil timber wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Cold Remedy (bark), Tonic (bark), Psychological Aid (bark), Strengthener (bark), Analgesic (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Gynecological Aid (bark), Unspecified (bark), Blood Medicine (bark), Dietary Aid (bark), Venereal Aid (bark), Gastrointestinal Aid (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Digestive system diseases (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Gallbladder diseases (fruit), Hemorrhage (fruit), Laxatives (fruit), Liver diseases (fruit), Menstruation-inducing agents (fruit), Scurvy (fruit), Urination disorders (fruit), Depurative (fruit), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Unspecified (root), Venereal Aid (root), Emetic (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Cancer(Rectum) (unspecified), Coffee (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Gall-Bladder (unspecified), Liqueur (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Strangury (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Intoxicant (unspecified), Pneumonia(Veterinary) (unspecified), Heart (unspecified), Homeopathy (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, graftings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 120 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 3
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -45
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Sorbus americana leaf picture by Adam Van Straten (cc-by-sa)
Sorbus americana leaf picture by JF Meyer (cc-by-sa)
Sorbus americana leaf picture by Poirier Martin (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Sorbus americana flower picture by vero veronique (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Sorbus americana fruit picture by Caryssa Rouser (cc-by-sa)
Sorbus americana fruit picture by Tim Daniel (cc-by-sa)
Sorbus americana fruit picture by Jessica jessicaflag (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Sorbus americana world distribution map, present in Canada, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and United States of America

Conservation status

Sorbus americana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:240773-2
WFO ID wfo-0001015070
COL ID 4YB88
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 761881
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Aucuparia americana Sorbus microcarpa Sorbus americana Sorbus aucuparia Sorbus micrantha Pyrus microcarpa Pyrus americana Pyrus americana Pyrus microcarpa Sorbus riparia Pyrus americana var. microcarpa Sorbus americana var. microcarpa Sorbus americana