Spartium junceum L.

Spanish broom (en), Spartier à tiges de jonc (fr), Spartier jonc (fr), Genêt d'Espagne (fr), Sparte (fr), Spartion (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Spartium

Characteristics

Deciduous shrub up to 3 m high; twigs sparsely to moderately clothed in appressed hairs, becoming ± glabrous, rounded, striate and glaucous-green to dark green. Mature branches with few lvs; lvs glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, simple, entire, elliptic to oblong or ± linear on mature branches, acute to obtuse, (8)-15-25 mm long, up to 45 mm long in shaded shoots or seedlings; petioles 1-2 mm long. Infl. with usually numerous fragrant fls; pedicels 2-5 mm long; bract subtending pedicel narrowly triangular, 2-4 mm long; bracteole subtending calyx linear, c. 2 mm long. Calyx ± glabrous, unilabiate. Corolla 22-28 mm long. Pod becoming glabrous, oblong and flattened, 50-90 mm long; seeds smooth, dark brown.
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Unarmed shrub, 1.5-4.0 m high. Branches slender, long, ascending, often leafless. Leaves rare, unifoliolate, blue-green, silky beneath. Inflorescences of many-flowered, terminal racemes. Flowers showy, bright yellow. Flowering time Aug.-Nov. Pod brown, linear-oblong, tomentose, flattened, dehiscent, 2-valved. Seeds many.
A deciduous shrub. It grows 2.5-3 m high and 2.2-3 m wide. The leaves are very small and spear shaped. The leaves fall off almost immediately and the green branches process sunlight. The flowers are pea-like. They are rich yellow. The fruit are seed pods. These are brownish-black. They are flat and split open when ripe.
Unarmed shrub to 4 m, with long, slender, cylindrical, almost leafless branches. Leaves simple, blue-green, silky below, Flowers in terminal racemes, yellow. Pods flattened, initially white, silky hairy, glabrescent, dehiscent.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 2.25 - 2.75
Mature height (meter) 2.25 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It can tolerate light frosts. It can grow in dry places. It needs well-drained soils. It needs full sun. It is often on calcareous soils. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 6-9. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Dry situations amongst rocks and in bushy places, usually on limestone soils.
Dry situations amongst rocks and in bushy places, usually on limestone soils.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The flowers are used to make liqueurs and other drinks.
Uses dye environmental use essential oil fiber food forage material medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Perfume (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified)
Human toxicity strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 22
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Spartium junceum habit picture by Clara Wagner (cc-by-sa)
Spartium junceum habit picture by sissoudu13 (cc-by-sa)
Spartium junceum habit picture by Stéphane Bonhomme (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Spartium junceum leaf picture by Sensoy Tarik (cc-by-sa)
Spartium junceum leaf picture by Ribó Vladimir (cc-by-sa)
Spartium junceum leaf picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Spartium junceum flower picture by Jorge (cc-by-sa)
Spartium junceum flower picture by Antonio Jesús Reina Pacheco (cc-by-sa)
Spartium junceum flower picture by Jorge (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Spartium junceum fruit picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)
Spartium junceum fruit picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)
Spartium junceum fruit picture by davide rosa (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Spartium junceum world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, American Samoa, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Indonesia, India, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Mexico, Malta, Mauritius, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:519057-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213405
COL ID 4YF5V
BDTFX ID 65481
INPN ID 124453
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Spartium junceum f. ochroleucum Spartium japonicum Genista odoratissima Genista americana Genista juncea Cytisus junceus Genista odorata Genista acutifolia Spartianthus junceus Spartium acutifolium Spartium americanum Spartium odoratum Spartium junceum var. ochroleucum Spartium junceum f. plenum Spartium junceum var. plenum Spartium junceum

Lower taxons

Spartium junceum var. flore-pleno