Sphenoclea Gaertn.

Sphenoclea (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Solanales > Sphenocleaceae

Characteristics

Annual herbs; stems spongy, glabrous, fistulous. Leaves entire, simple, ex-stipulate, alternate, shortly petiolate, pinnately veined. Inflorescences dense, ter-minal, pedunculate spikes. Flowers sessile, each subtended by a bract and a pair of bracteoles; hypanthium laterally compressed; calyx lobes triangular to sub-orbicular, usually slightly wider than long; corolla white with imbricate lobes, deciduous soon after anthesis; stamens 5, the filaments very short, alternating with the corolla lobes and borne on the corolla tube near its middle or slightly below, the anthers rounded, appearing peltate, dehiscing longitudinally; style erect, terminated by a capitate stigma, the ovary completely inferior. Capsules bilocular, circumscissilely dehiscent, with a conspicuous axile placentae; seeds oblong-cylindric with 10-12 narrow ridges, shallowly and indistinctly pitted in the areas between the longitudinal ridges.
More
Annual hydrophytic herbs. Stems somewhat succulent, with large vertical air-passages in the cortex. Leaves alternate, simple, entire; stipules absent. Inflorescence a dense terminal or leaf-apposed spike; small bracts subtending each flower; bracteoles 2. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic. Sepals 5, fused, lobes imbricate. Petals 5, fused, urceolate-campanulate, lobes imbricate, caducous. Stamens 5, alternate to corolla lobes; filaments attached to base of corolla tube; anthers tetrasporangiate and dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Gynoecium of 2 carpels, united; ovary semi-inferior or inferior, bilocular; ovules numerous on large spongy axile placentas; styles lacking or very short; stigma capitate or obscurely 4-lobed, lacking collecting hairs. Fruit a capsule, membranous, circumscissile. Seeds many, small; embryo straight; endosperm more or less absent.
Annual (?)laticiferous herbs, with the habit of Phytolacca. Stem erect, somewhat succulent. Leaves spirally arranged, simple, entire, exstipulate. Inflorescences terminal, densely spicate, acropetal. Flowers subtended by a bract and two bracteoles, bisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx tube adnate to the ovary; segments 5, united below, imbricate, connivent, persistent. Corolla campanulate-urceolate, perigynous; lobes 5, imbricate. Stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with the corolla lobes; filaments short; anthers rounded, 2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-locular; style short, stigma capitate; ovules ∞, attached to large spongy stipitate axile placentas. Capsule cuneate-obconic, 2-locular, membranous, circumscissile; seeds ∞, minute, oblong, rugose-costate, albumen very scanty or none (?); embryo axile, straight, subterete.
Annual (?)laticiferous herbs, with the habit of Phytolacca. Stem erect, somewhat succulent. Leaves spirally arranged, simple, entire, exstipulate. Inflorescences terminal, densely spicate, acropetal. Flowers subtended by a bract and two bracteoles, bisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx tube adnate to the ovary; segments 5, united below, imbricate, connivent, persistent. Corolla campanulate-urceolate, perigynous; lobes 5, imbricate. Stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with the corolla lobes; filaments short; anthers rounded, 2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-locular; style short, stigma capitate; ovules ∞, attached to large spongy stipitate axile placentas. Capsule cuneate-obconic, 2-locular, membranous, circumscissile; seeds ∞, minute, oblong, rugose-costate, albumen very scanty or none (?); embryo axile, straight, subterete.
Morphological characters and geographic distribution are the same as those of the family.
Characters as for the family.
Characters of the family
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
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Hardiness (USDA) 5-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
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Images

Sphenoclea unspecified picture

Distribution

Sphenoclea world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Panama, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331978-2
WFO ID wfo-4000036038
COL ID 7KRG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 730667
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sphenoclea

Lower taxons

Sphenoclea dalzielii Sphenoclea zeylanica