Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers

Snake vine (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Menispermaceae > Stephania

Characteristics

Slender climber, 2-10 m. Root tuberous. Stem herbaceous or thinly woody, glabrous or crispately puberulous. Leaves with glabrous or crispately pu-berulous petioles 3-12 cm; lamina broadly triangular-ovate to ovate, (4—)6—12(—17) by 4—10(—14) cm, apex usually ± acuminate with the acumen usually obtuse and mucronulate but sometimes very acute or very obtuse, base broadly rounded to slightly cordate; fine reticulation usually visible on both surfaces, upper surface glabrous; lower surface glabrous or crispately puberulous and also sometimes glaucous (due to very minute whitish pa-pillae); ± papyraceous. Male inflorescence an axillary compound umbelliform cyme 4-9 cm, bearing flowers in dense, subcapitate, cymose clusters, glabrous or puberulous, usually solitary, but occa-sionally paired or a few borne on an axillary shoot. Male flowers green, white or yellow, sessile or sub-sessile: sepals 6 or 8, glabrous or puberulous outside, oblanceolate to spathulate, 0.75-1.25 mm; petals 3 or 4, glabrous, ± obdeltoid to suborbicular, 0.5-1 mm; synandrium 0.5-1 mm long, exsert or not. Female inflorescence similar to male. Female flowers with petals and sepals as in male but number of sepals often reduced; carpel ± ovoid, 0.75-1 mm. Drupe red, sessile or subsessile (occasionally with pedicels up to 2 mm long), ± obovate to suborbicu-lar in outline, 4-8 by 4-6 mm. Endocarp usually perforate, dorsally bearing 2 longitudinal rows of about 8-10 transverse ridges which are often ± 2-lobed thus forming 4 distinct rows of processes, ± papilliform in the 2 inner rows and broader and often hooked in the 2 outer rows; surface between and around tubercles usually smooth, rarely rough.
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Vines, glabrous or pubescent. Root woody, not tuberous, brownish yellow. Stems slender, slightly woody when old, sometimes prostrate and rooting at nodes. Petiole 3-12 cm; leaf blade conspicuously peltate, usually triangular-rotund or broadly triangular-ovate to rotund, 5-12(-15) cm, as wide as or slightly wider than long, papery to thinly leathery, abaxially glabrous or hirsute, often glaucous, adaxially glossy, base usually broadly rounded, apex with a finely mucronate acumen, palmately 8-11-veined, raised abaxially, reticulation slightly raised, conspicuous. Inflorescences compound umbelliform cymes, usually axillary, rarely 2 or few on short axillary branches; peduncle to 6 cm; rays often very short, umbellet very condensed, headlike; axes glabrous or pubescent; pedicels almost absent. Male flowers: sepals 6 or 8 in 2 whorls, membranous, yellowish green, oblanceolate or obovate-elliptic to spatulate or narrowly elliptic, 1-1.5 mm, glabrous or pubescent; petals 3 or 4, slightly fleshy, yellow, broadly obovate to rotund, 0.5-1 mm, glabrous, rarely apex slightly concave; synandrium 0.5-1 mm, exserted or not, anthers 6. Female flowers: sepals 3 or 4, shape and size as in male or smaller; petals 3 or 4, shape and size as in male or slightly smaller; carpel ovoid, stigma lacerate. Infructescences with hard and slightly curved umbellet pedicels. Drupes red, obovate to subglobose, 6-8 mm; endocarp 5-6 mm, abaxially ornamented with 10 or slightly more rows of transvers ridges; condyle perforate or not. Fl. spring and summer, fr. autumn and winter.
Root not tuberous. Leaves: petiole 3–12 cm long, attached 6–35 mm from basal lamina margin; lamina broadly triangular-ovate to ovate, 4–17 cm long, 4–14 cm wide, broadly rounded to slightly cordate at base, usually ± acuminate at apex, glabrous above, glabrous or puberulous below. Inflorescence a compound, umbelliform cyme, 4–9 cm long, glabrous or puberulous; flowers in dense clusters. Male flowers sessile or subsessile, white to cream; sepals 6 or 8, c. 1 mm long; petals 3 or 4, 0.5–1 mm long. Female flowers: carpel 0.75–1 mm long. Drupe usually sessile or subsessile, ± obovate in outline, 4–8 mm long, red; endocarp with dorsal transverse ridges, usually perforate.
A rather stout climber. The leaves are simple and the leaf stalk joins the blade away from the edge. Leaves are 4-18 cm long by 4-14 cm wide. The leaf stalks are 3-12 cm long. Plants are separately male and female. There are a group of flowers in the axils of leaves. The flowers have 2-4 petals. They are green, white or yellow. The fruit are fleshy and yellow, orange or red. They are 4-8 mm long and wide. There is one brown seed. It is 3-6 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Village margins, shrublands, open forests, forest margins, limestone mountains in southern China. Secondary forest, regrowths, hedges, thickets and on river banks, also in Nypa swamp, at elevations up to 2,000 metres.
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In hedges, thickets, river-banks, secondary growth and forests, from sea-level to 2000 m. Fl. fr. Jan.-Dec. (at least, in Java).
A tropical plant. It grows in rainforest and vine thickets. In tropical Queensland it grows from sea level to 1040 m altitude.
Rainforest, semi-deciduous coastal monsoon vine forest and thick, often at edges, open forest, coastal dune communities.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. In var. discolor the tuberous root is bitter and very poisonous due to its picrotoxin content. It is used medicinally for fever, diarrhoea, urinary dis-eases and stomach-ache. Crushed leaves in water form a slightly gelatinous mass which is applied to breast infections. Although reported to be poisonous to livestock in Australia ( WHITE Queensl. Agric. J. n.s. 8 1917 230 ), feeding tests have proved negative ( EVERIST Pois. Pl. Austr. rev. ed. 1981 528 ).
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The fruit is wrapped in leaves and cooked then eaten. The leaves are squeezed to form a king of jelly. CAUTION: The tuberous root is poisonous due to picrotoxin. The tuber is reported as being cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses material medicinal poison
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Furunculosis (leaf), Constipation (root), Dysentery (root), Disorder of ejaculation (root), Hemorrhoids (root), Astringent (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Stephania japonica unspecified picture

Distribution

Stephania japonica world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Thailand, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:581449-1
WFO ID wfo-0001083818
COL ID 52BS5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448277
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Clypea effusa Clypea subovata Cocculus japonicus Clypea consummata Stephania japonica Menispermum japonicum Stephania intertexta Stephania hypoglauca Stephania appendiculata Stephania japonica var. japonica

Lower taxons

Stephania japonica var. discolor Stephania japonica var. timoriensis