Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Sterculia

Characteristics

A medium to tall tree. It can be 15 m tall. It has a thick trunk. It can be 2.5 m across. The leaves are light green and crowded at the ends of branches. They are 5-15 cm long and 4-13 cm wide. They can be broadly egg shaped or 3-5 lobed. The lobes are pointed and the base indented. The flowers are in sprays at the ends of twigs. They are 1.9 cm across and with 5-6 petal like lobes. They are yellow with red stripes. The flowers are male and female. The fruit have 1-5 follicles or lobes. These are thick, hard, oblong pods. They have a tail like point. They open wide to reveal stinging hairs. There are blue-black seeds inside. These are edible. The seeds are rich in oil.
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Leaf-lamina 5–15 × 4–13 cm., very broadly ovate-cordate, apex acuminate, almost entire or 3–5-lobed with somewhat acuminate lobes, c. 7 nerved at the base, from thinly to densely and harshly pubescent or tomentose, sometimes glabrescent; petiole up to 10 cm. long, coarsely pubescent.
Flowers in clustered, usually terminal panicles appearing before the leaves and up to 9 cm. long; branches of inflorescence densely pubescent; bracteoles c. 1·5 mm. long, linear-oblong, acute, pubescent; pedicels up to 1 cm. long, articulated near the middle, pubescent.
Tree 10–25 m. tall, with a stout trunk up to 1 m. in diam. somewhat resembling that of the Baobab; bark peeling in papery flakes, brownish, yellowish, whitish or liver-coloured, inner layers green and with the sapwood pink; primary branches stiff and very stout.
Follicles 3–5, c. 10 cm. long, spreading, subsessile, oblong-ovoid, with a horn-like often curled apiculus at the apex, golden-tomentellous and finely longitudinally ridged outside, opening widely after dehiscence; placentas with very dense acicular hairs.
Calyx up to 1·2 cm. long, yellowish with reddish guide-lines within, campanulate, divided rather more than half way into 5–6 acute lobes, tomentellous outside, glabrous within except near the apex.
Female flower: ovary ovoid, tomentose, with a few vestigial stamens at its base, on a puberulous gynophore c. 4 mm. long; style c. 3 mm. long, pubescent, often reflexed.
Seeds numerous, c. 2 × 1 cm., oblong-ellipsoid, with a whitish aril at one end; testa smooth, dull-blackish.
Male flower: stamens c. 10, in a capitate discoid cluster; androphore 5–6 mm. long, slender, glabrous.
Leaves collected at the ends of the branches.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
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Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 12.75
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It often grows on hot, dry areas on rocky hills. In East Africa it grows from sea level to 1,000 m altitude. It can grow in semi desert. It can grow in arid places. In Brisbane Botanical Gardens.
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Hot dry areas, on rocky hills or the fringes of woodlands, at elevations usually below 600 metres. Mainly found in fertile soils which have often been opened up for cultivation.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The seeds are roasted and eaten. They can be eaten raw. The seeds are also pounded and sieved and the flour cooked with vegetables.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food gene source invertebrate food material medicinal
Edible barks fruits leaves seeds
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Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
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Germination treatment scarification soaking
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Images

Sterculia africana unspecified picture

Distribution

Sterculia africana world distribution map, present in Botswana, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Malawi, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Sterculia africana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:825091-1
WFO ID wfo-0000491730
COL ID 52D92
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Sterculia africana Clompanus africana Triphaca africana Sterculia ipomoeaefolia Sterculia guerichii Sterculia triphaca