Sterculia tragacantha Lindl.

Sterculia (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Sterculia

Characteristics

A tree. It grows to 26 m high. The trunk can be 1.5 m around. It can have buttresses. The bark is grey-brown with cracks along it. The small branches have a dense covering of hairs. The leaves are 10-30 cm long by 5-15 cm wide. They are oval or sword shaped. They are rounded or slightly heart shaped at the base. The leaf stalk is 1.5-7.5 cm long. The flowers are reddish-pink. They occur in stalked clusters. These have dense brown hairs. The fruit are made up of 4-5 boat shaped cells. Each one is 5-7 cm long. They are bright red but turn brown when ripe. They split along the top to expose 8 seeds. The seeds are 18 mm long. They do not have a seed covering (aril).
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Leaves collected towards the ends of the branches; lamina up to 20 × 12 cm., leathery, entire, broadly oblong, obovate-oblong, or ovate-oblong, apex obtuse or abruptly acuminate, base rounded or slightly cordate, penninerved, thinly pubescent or glabrescent above, more or less ferruginously tomentose beneath; petiole up to 5 cm. long.
Female flower: ovary ovoid, tomentose, with a ring of vestigial anthers at its base, on a glabrous gynophore up to 1 mm. long; style c. 1 mm. long, tomentose.
Calyx campanulate, divided to about half-way into 4–6 narrowly oblong lobes which are coherent at their tips, pubescent outside and on the lobes within.
Male flower: stamens numerous, in a capitate globose cluster on a glabrous androphore c. 2 mm. long surrounded by a ring of hairs at its base.
Follicles c. 5 cm. long, ellipsoid with an acute apiculus, ferruginously tomentose outside and inside.
Flowers reddish, in harshly pubescent panicles c. 12 cm. long, clustered at the ends of the branches.
Large tree 15 m. tall or more, with smooth greyish bark and stiff rugose branchlets.
Seeds c. 1·6 × 1·2 cm., oblong-ellipsoid; testa black; aril small and yellow.
Conspicuous with red-purple flowers about Jan.–Feb.
Bole 30–40 ft., sometimes buttressed
Fruit bright red turning brown.
Yielding a coloured gum
Up to 80 ft. high
Grey corky bark
A tree
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 19.69
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to tropical W and C Africa. It grows in woodland and savannah. It can be along rivers and in palm groves. It grows in open and drier parts of the lowland rainforest. It suits humid locations. It needs a well-drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
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Mangrove; open and drier parts of rain and swampy forests; secondary and transition forests; gallery forest; wooded savannah; at elevations from near sea level to about 1,500 metres. Often found in groups at forest edges.
Of the open parts or edges of forests
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The stem produces a gum. The gum is used in ice cream and confectionary. The young leaves are cooked and eaten as a potherb. They make a slimy sauce. The seeds are roasted and eaten. They are also pounded and cooked with vegetables.
Uses environmental use fiber food gene source gum material medicinal potherb social use wood
Edible gums leaves seeds shoots stems
Therapeutic use Anodyne (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Tapeworm (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Whitlow (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. It can also be grown from large cuttings. Trees re-grow after being cut down.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Sterculia tragacantha leaf picture by Gnagbo Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Sterculia tragacantha leaf picture by Gnagbo Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Sterculia tragacantha leaf picture by Gnagbo Anthelme (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Sterculia tragacantha world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Cuba, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sao Tome and Principe, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, and Zambia

Conservation status

Sterculia tragacantha threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:825497-1
WFO ID wfo-0000492472
COL ID 52DMQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Sterculia obovata Clompanus pubescens Southwellia tragacanthae Sterculia pubescens Sterculia tragacantha