Strychnos angolensis Gilg

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Loganiaceae > Strychnos

Characteristics

A woody climber, scandent shrub or a tree with straggling branches, 5–12 m. high, with usually dense short tawny-or dark-pubescent and glabrescent branchlets often black or dark-coloured, and normally spreading ± at right angles and not obviously lenticellate; tendrils simple, pubescent, coiled, often present on the young shoots.. Leaves petiolate; petiole short, transversely rugose, pubescent; lamina coriaceous or subcoriaceous, very rarely submembranous, very variable in shape, oblong, oblanceolate-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate, 2–9 cm. long, 1–5.5 cm. wide, usually rounded and apiculate, rarely emarginate or subacute at the apex, rounded, cuneate or more rarely subcordate at the base, 3–5-nerved from or just above the base, with an obvious marginal nerve and prominent midrib beneath, often thinly ciliate, pubescent on the midrib particularly towards the base, otherwise glabrous; venation often ± inconspicuous above, more prominent beneath.. Cymes axillary, paniculate, variable in size, 1–5 cm. long, 0.6–1 cm. broad; lateral branches usually 3-flowered; peduncles pubescent.. Flowers 4–5-merous.. Calyx-lobes ovate-deltoid, ciliate, otherwise glabrous.. Corolla white, fading to yellow, or brown or terra-cotta, subrotate; lobes oblong-ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, thinly pilose within, otherwise glabrous; tube very short.. Stamens inserted in the sinuses of the corolla-lobes, as long as the ovate glabrous anthers.. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style short, glabrous.. Fruit subglobose, 1–1.5 cm. in diameter, soft and fleshy, orange.. Seed solitary, ellipsoid, 1 cm. long, 0.8 cm. in diameter, not compressed.
More
Leaves: petiole ochraceous–pubescent, mostly transversely rugose when dry, 1–5(6) mm. long; lamina shining or mat and medium to dark green above, paler and often with dark veins beneath, papyraceous, coriaceous, or subcoriaceous, thinner when growing in shade, also when fresh, very variable in shape and size, ovate, elliptic or narrowly ovate, 1–3·5 x as long as wide, broadest on the main axis and at the base of the branchlets, 1·8–7(10) x 1–4(5) cm., usually obtuse and apiculate, but often acute, sometimes obtusely acuminate or emarginate at the apex, rounded, cuneate, or sometimes subcordate at the base, glabrous or ochraceous–pubescent beneath on the costa and main secondary veins, especially at the base, and above on the costa near the base; one or two pairs of secondary veins from or from above the base curved along the margin; tertiary venation inconspicuous above, prominent beneath.
Corolla in the mature bud 2·5–3 x as long as the calyx, 2·2–5 mm. long, white or yellow, fading from white to yellow, subrotate, 4–4·5 mm. in diam., glabrous or minutely papillose–pubescent outside, inside on the base of the lobes densely pilose with dirty white hairs (sometimes complete lobes pilose); tube very short, shorter than the calyx, 0·4–0·6 mm. long; lobes ovate to triangular, 2·7–4·5 x as long as the tube, comparatively wider in 4–merous flowers, 1·2–1·7 x as long as wide, 1·5–2 x 1–1·4 mm., acute, spreading.
Inflorescence axillary and sometimes also terminal, solitary, lax, few–flowered, about 0·5–1 x as long as the leaves, sometimes transformed into rose–like galls. Lateral branches usually 3–flowered. Peduncle and branches slender, ochraceous–pubescent as the very short pedicels.
Sepals pale green, equal or sometimes unequal, connate at the base up to one–third of their length, broadly ovate, 0·7–1·2 x as long as wide, (0·5)0·8–1·2 x (0·5)0·7–1 mm., acute or obtuse at the apex, glabrous on both sides, ciliate, without colleters.
Stamens just exserted; filaments about as long as the anthers, inserted at the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers yellow, glabrous, ovate or suborbicular, 0·5–1 x 0·5–0·8 mm., deeply cordate at the base.
Fruit orange or red, immature glaucous, small, soft, ellipsoid or globose, 12 x 12–22 x 18 mm., 1–seeded, with smooth skin, slightly shining or mat, obliquely pedicellate. Wall thin, 1 mm. thick.
Seed shining when living, dark brown, smooth, approximately bean–shaped with an impressed hilum or ellipsoid, 8·5 x 6 x 5–15 X 11 x 9 mm., glabrous; testa very thin, easily rubbed off.
Branches not lenticellate, medium to dark brown when dry, usually hairy like the branchlets; branchlets ochraceous–pubescent, green, terete, not sulcate when dry.
Pistil glabrous, 1·2–1·6 mm. long; ovary globose or broadly ovoid, 0·8–1·2 x 0·6–0·9 mm.; style short or very short, 0·1–0·7 mm. long; stigma capitate.
Climbing shrub or liana, 3–30 m. high, climbing over shrubs and in trees, or small semiscandent tree, 5–12 m. high.
Bark smooth, thin, pale brown, not or slightly lenticellate, in section pale yellow; wood pale yellow.
Tendrils solitary, in the axils of small triangular bracts.
Flowers 4–5–merous, even in a single inflorescence.
Flowers in short puberulous axillary cymes
Bracts narrowly triangular or sepal–like.
In each cell 4–6 ovules.
Trunk 4–20 cm. in diam.
Solitary tendrils
A liane
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 21.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

In forest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Strychnos angolensis world distribution map, present in Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, United Republic of, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:547038-1
WFO ID wfo-0000502806
COL ID 536ZB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Strychnos angolensis Strychnos lacourtiana Strychnos likimiensis Strychnos mongonda Strychnos nauphylla Strychnos tuvungasala Strychnos angolensis var. lacourtiana Strychnos angolensis var. angolensis

Lower taxons

Strychnos angolensis var. latifolia