Strychnos usambarensis Gilg ex Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Loganiaceae > Strychnos

Characteristics

Leaves: petiole glabrous, 2–6 mm. long; lamina slightly shining and dark green above, less shining to dull and paler beneath, coriaceous or thinly coriaceous in the sun, in the shade thinner and thinly coriaceous or papyraceous, also when living, ovate, narrowly ovate, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 1–5–3 times as long as wide, 3–8 x 1·2–3·5 cm., in lianas in the shade up to 16 x 7 cm., distinctly acuminate or in the shade mostly caudate at the apex, usually mucronate at the very apex, cuneate, rounded, or occasionally subcordate at the base, glabrous on both sides; two pairs of secondary veins from or from above the base curved along the margin, outer usually fainter; tertiary venation reticulate, inconspicuous.
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Corolla in the mature bud 3–4 times as long as the calyx, 2–3·5 mm. long, and rounded at the apex, white, yellow, or sometimes orange, glabrous or minutely papillose–pubescent outside, inside with a ring of hairs in the throat and often, when outside so, minutely papillose–pubescent on the lobes; tube short, urceolate, 1–1·4(1·7) times as long as the calyx, 1–1·4 mm. long; at the throat 1·4–2·2 mm. wide; lobes 1·4–1·6(2·7) times as long as the tube, oblong, 1·3–2·2 times as long as wide, 1·2–2·2 x 0·8–1·3 mm., acute, recurved from somewhat below the middle.
Fruit orange or orange–yellow, immature pale green and often with a glaucous bloom, or glacous, small, soft, globose or subglobose, often laterally compressed, sometimes shortly stipitate within the calyx, 11–18 x 10–18 x 10–18 mm., with smooth skin, 1–seeded, mat, mostly oblique pedicellate. Wall thin, about 0·3 mm. thick. Pulp orange.
Sepals pale green, connate at the base, subequal ovate, broadly ovate, or triangular, 1–1–3 times as long as wide, 0·6–1 x 0·6–1 mm., acute or obtuse, very minutely ciliate, glabrous on both sides or shortly pubescent outside, without colleters.
Liana trunk 2–9 cm. in diam. (or more?); bark dark brown, thin, with many lenticels; wood pale yellow. Tree trunk 15–25 cm. in diam.; bark pale or dark grey or pale grey–brown with darker patches, smooth, in section orange; wood pale yellow.
Shrub, climbing shrub, large liana or much branched small tree (as shrub 1·50–5 m. high, as liana 2–20 m. high or more, climbing over shrubs and in trees and then up to 70 m. long, as tree 3–10(15) m. high).
Branches lenticellate, usually very dark brown, often covered with a pale skin which splits and peels off, not sulcate when dry; branchlets glabrous or shortly pubescent, not or slightly sulcate when dry.
Pistil glabrous, 1·1–2·5 mm. long; ovary ovoid, slightly longer than wide, 0·7–1 x 0·6–0·8 mm., 2–celled; style short, 0·4–1·5 mm. long; stigma capitate or sometimes obscurely bilobed.
Stamens exserted; filaments 0·5–1·2(2) times as long as the anthers, inserted at the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers suborbicular or oblong, 0·6–0·9 x 0·3–0·7 mm., glabrous.
Inflorescences axillary, solitary or several together, lax or congested, usually much shorter than the leaves, 1–2·5 x 1–1·5 cm., few–flowered, 1–3 times branched.
Seed pale brown, depressed–globose or ellipsoid, 9 x 7x 5–12 x11 x 8 mm., shortly and densely pubescent, smooth, with a central hilum at one side.
Tendrils solitary, only present in climbing shrubs or lianas.
In each cell 4–7 ovules.
Flowers 4–5–merous.
Testa thin.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 40.0 - 17.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Lowland and upland rainforest, also in secondary forest, in gallery forest and semi-evergreen and coastal evergreen bushland from sea-level up to 2,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses fuel material medicinal wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Strychnos usambarensis unspecified picture

Distribution

Strychnos usambarensis world distribution map, present in Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Côte d'Ivoire, Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:547543-1
WFO ID wfo-0000501270
COL ID 537GG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Strychnos usambarensis Strychnos cerasifera Strychnos distichophylla