Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Swartzia

Characteristics

Trees 15 In. tall, upper branches glabrous, prominently lenticellate-dotted. Leaves glabrous, 1-to 5-foliolate; stipules linear, 1-5 mm. long; petiole narrowly obsagittate-winged, 0.5-3 cm. long, gross and terete near the axil, wing expanded and auriculate at insertion of petiolule(s) ; rachis, if present, similarly alate and more prominently so, wing at juncture of terminal leaflet 1.5-3 mm. wide, auricled; leaflets elliptic, abruptly acute or bluntly acuminate apically, cuneate to subobtuse basally, membranaceous or submembranaceous, prominently reticulate-veined; lateral leaflets (if present) usually about 4-8 cm. long and 2-5 cm. broad; terminal leaflet 6-20 cm. long and 3-7 cm. broad; petiolules 2 mm. or less long, terete. In-florescence 3-to 8-flowered, bracteate, axillary or (less often) terminal on upper branchlets; bracts bidentate, dentae linear-lanceolate, about 1 mm. long; peduncles 1-6 cm. long, subterete, lightly pubescent; pedicels glabrous, 0.5-1.5 cm. long; buds globose, up to 8 mm. in diameter. Flowers 1-petalate, petal yellow, cordate-suborbicular, about 23 mm. wide; calyx splitting into 3-4 irregularly ovate sec-tions up to 1 cm. long, scurfy within, glabrous without; stamens many; anthers bilocular, basally versatile, larger ones about 2 mm. long, with conspicuous dark connective; filaments glabrous, about 10 of them grosser and longer than the others, up to 2 cm. long; ovary stipitate, stipe 4-7 mm. long, up to 13-ovulate;
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Small tree to 10 m. tall, branchlets glabrous. Leaves 1-foliolate, stipulate, glabrous; petiole 2-20 mm. long, terete (especially basally) to narrowly alate-auriculate (especially apically); leaflet usually subcoriaceous, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acute to acuminate apically, rounded to cuneate basally, 4-20 cm. long, 2-8 cm. broad, with chief lateral nerves subparallel but confluent mar-ginally; petiolule about 1 mm. or less long, terete. Inflorescence 2-to 6-flowered, axillary or terminal, up to 10 cm. long, with axis lightly pubescent to glabrous; pedicels 5-20 mm. long, bearing globose buds about 8 mm. in diameter. Flower yellow, 1-petalate; petal irregularly orbicular, usually about 3 cm. tall and at least as broad, claw about 5 mm. long; stamens of 2 types, 8-12 larger longer ones at least 2 cm. long, and many shorter smaller ones less than 1.5 cm. long; anthers oblong, truncate, basally versatile, larger ones about 2 mm. long, smaller ones about 1 mm. long; ovary arcuate, long-stipitate, glabrous. Legume sigmoid-ovoid to asymmetrically oblongoid, subterete, up to 6 cm. long, attenuate-beaked, usually 1-seeded; seed prominently arillate, oblong-ovoid.
An evergreen tree. It grows 5-15 m tall. The crown is often irregular. The trunk is crooked and 10-40 cm across. The leaves can have one leaflet. The leaves are 6-15 cm long by 3-8 cm wide. The fruit are oval and 3-5 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. The fruit are red when ripe. There are black seeds in a white pulp.
style glabrous, about 6 mm. long; stigma obscurely bilobate. Legume glabrous, obliquely ovoid, caudate-beaked, apparently 2-valved, about 3.2 cm. long, 1.6-1.8 cm. broad and 1.2-1.6 cm. thick; seed 1, reniform, conspicuously arillate, about 2.5 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0
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Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

An understorey tree in shady, primary forests, it is also found in the drier, brighter conditions of the secondary forest and sometimes also in dry forest and scrub. It grows in humid or very wet climates at low to medium elevations.
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It is a tropical plant. It is an under-storey tree in forests. It grows in humid and wet locations at low to medium elevations. In the West Indies it grows between 100-485 m above sea level.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible arils fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
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Images

Swartzia simplex unspecified picture
Swartzia simplex unspecified picture

Distribution

Swartzia simplex world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Singapore, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Swartzia simplex threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:520020-1
WFO ID wfo-0000183577
COL ID 53JGQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630759
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Swartzia calophylla Rittera grandiflora Tounatea calophylla Rittera simplex Swartzia simplicifolia Swartzia simplex Possira simplex Tounatea simplex Tounatea grandiflora Tounatea jamaicensis Possira grandiflora Tunatea simplex Swartzia grandiflora Swartzia simplex var. simplex Swartzia simplex var. genuina Swartzia simplex var. jamaicensis

Lower taxons

Swartzia simplex var. continentalis Swartzia simplex var. grandiflora