Syringa vulgaris L.

Common lilac (en), Lilas commun (fr), Lilas (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Oleaceae > Syringa

Characteristics

Rhizomatous shrub to c. 5 m high, often forming a dense thicket; vegetative parts glabrous, except for short glandular hairs when young. Shoots angular. Petioles to c. 3 cm long, slender. Lamina 3-12 × 2-8 cm, broad-ovate; base commonly subcordate, sometimes broad-cuneate or truncate; apex acute or acuminate. Panicles large and erect, up to 15 cm long (longer in cultivated plants), usually axillary from paired apical buds; branches with minute glandular hairs; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate to linear-subulate, sometimes > pedicels. Fls mauve, very fragrant. Calyx c. 2 mm long, with minute glandular hairs; lobes broad and shallow. Corolla tube 6-8 mm long; lobes 4-6 mm long, oblong or elliptic-oblong, rounded or obtuse. Anthers subsessile, 1.5-1.8 mm long, near apex of tube. Style and stigma = or < corolla tube. Capsule 1-1.5 cm long, acute or acuminate.
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A shrub. It can grow 6 m high. The leaves are oval and taper to the base. They are 5-10 cm long by 2-6 cm wide. They are slightly rough and bright green. The flowers are in large groups arising from the side buds. The flowers can be lilac, white, or red. The fruit is a smooth capsule. There are many named cultivated varieties.
Shrub to 6 m; lvs ovate, 5–10 cm, short-acuminate, truncate to cordate at base; infls 1–2 dm; cor lilac (white), 1 cm wide; 2n=44–48. Native of se. Europe, persisting indefinitely after cult. and often appearing spontaneous, especially in regions of abandoned farms. May.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 4.5
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A temperate plant. In Argentina it grows between 500-1,000 m above sea level. Arboretum Tasmania.
More
Scrub on rocky hill slopes in Europe. Found in hedges, thickets and shrubberies in Britain.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

The flowers are eaten raw or folded in batter and made into fritters. They can be crystallised by dipping in beaten egg white then rolling in granulated sugar. The nectar is also sucked.
Uses dye environmental use essential oil gene source material medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers nectars
Therapeutic use Oral Aid (bark), Pediatric Aid (bark), Anthelmintics (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Malaria (bark), Anthelmintics (fruit), Antipyretics (fruit), Malaria (fruit), Oral Aid (leaf), Pediatric Aid (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Malaria (leaf), Fever (unspecified), Homeopathy (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Perfume (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Syringa vulgaris habit picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)
Syringa vulgaris habit picture by KAMBRIA Goldstein (cc-by-sa)
Syringa vulgaris habit picture by Kilhiann Bagur (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Syringa vulgaris leaf picture by Lola Coro (cc-by-sa)
Syringa vulgaris leaf picture by Sebasian Eichhorn (cc-by-sa)
Syringa vulgaris leaf picture by Bernard FOURRÉ (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Syringa vulgaris flower picture by Guylaine Juillot (cc-by-sa)
Syringa vulgaris flower picture by Barbieri Luisa (cc-by-sa)
Syringa vulgaris flower picture by Sabolová Marie (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Syringa vulgaris fruit picture by Nadine Jüttner (cc-by-sa)
Syringa vulgaris fruit picture by Zuzana Šimonová (cc-by-sa)
Syringa vulgaris fruit picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Syringa vulgaris world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Switzerland, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Pakistan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, and United States of America

Conservation status

Syringa vulgaris threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:289009-2
WFO ID wfo-0000818704
COL ID 542H2
BDTFX ID 66663
INPN ID 125391
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Syringa vulgaris f. albipleniflora Syringa bicolor Syringa carlsruhensis Syringa vulgaris Syringa caerulea Lilac vulgaris Lilac suaveolens Lilac cordato-folia Lilac caerulea Syringa latifolia Syringa nigricans Syringa notgeri Syringa philemon Syringa virginalis Syringa lilac Syringa marliensis Syringa alba Syringa albiflora Syringa amoena Syringa cordifolia Syringa rhodopea Syringa versaliensis Liliacum vulgare Liliacum album Syringa vulgaris var. caerulea Syringa vulgaris var. violacea Syringa vulgaris var. alba Syringa cordifolia var. caerulescens Syringa vulgaris var. transsilvanica Syringa vulgaris var. macrantha Syringa vulgaris var. pulchella Syringa cordifolia var. alba Lilac vulgaris var. alba Syringa vulgaris var. purpurea Syringa vulgaris var. lilacina Syringa cordifolia var. purpurascens Syringa vulgaris var. rubra Lilac vulgaris var. purpurea Lilac vulgaris var. violacea