Tanacetum balsamita L.

Costmary (en), Menthe-coq (fr), Tanaisie balsamite (fr), Balsamite (fr), Grande balsamite (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Tanacetum

Characteristics

Perennials, 30–80(–120) cm. Stems 1, erect, simple or branched (strigose, glabrate). Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate (proximal) or sessile (distal); blades (basal and proximal cauline) mostly elliptic to oblong, 10–20 × 2–8 cm, usually not pinnately lobed (sometimes with 1–4+ lateral lobes near bases), margins ± crenate, faces usually silvery strigose or sericeous (at least when young), glabrescent, ± gland-dotted. Heads (3–)10–60+ in corymbiform arrays. Involucres (3–)5–8(–10) mm diam. (phyllaries 40–60+ in 3–4+ series, tips usually ± dilated). Receptacles flat to convex. Ray florets usually 0 [sometimes 12–15, pistillate, fertile; corollas white, laminae 4–6+ mm]. Disc corollas ca. 2 mm. Cypselae ± columnar, 1.5–2 mm, 5–8-ribbed (with non-mucilaginous glands); pappi coroniform, 0.1–0.4 mm (entire or ± toothed). 2n = 18, 54.
More
A herb. It grows 90 cm high and spreads 45 cm high. It forms hard mats and keeps growing from year to year. It has rhizomes or underground stems. The leaves are silvery grey and scalloped along the edge. They are slightly hairy. They have an aroma. The leaves can be 30 cm long. The flowers are white and button like. The occur in large numbers and are small. They are yellow in the centre. The flowers open in full sunlight. The seeds are triangle shaped and ribbed.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It will grow in most well-drained soils. It does best in an open sunny position. It is resistant to frost but sensitive to drought. It suits hardiness zones 6-10. In Hobart Botanical gardens.
More
An introduced weed of roadsides in eastern N. America.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The leaves are occasionally used in salads. They are used in small amounts. They are also used in meat and vegetable dishes. The leaves are used to flavour beers and also soups and sauces. The leaves are sweet and have a minty-lemony flavour and are used in salads, teas, and for flavouring meats and cakes. Whole leaves are laid under cakes while cooking to flavour cakes while baking. The dried leaves are used as an infusion for tea. The leaves are used in frittata in mixtures. Flower petals are used for conserves.
Uses environmental use food medicinal poison tea
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Ear Medicine (leaf), Carminative (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Polyp(Nose) (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Cholagogue (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed or by division of the roots.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Tanacetum balsamita habit picture by Jean-Louis Denereaz (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Tanacetum balsamita leaf picture by Страхил Иванов (cc-by-sa)
Tanacetum balsamita leaf picture by Evaristo Higueruels (cc-by-sa)
Tanacetum balsamita leaf picture by Omar76 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tanacetum balsamita flower picture by Sylvie Pommeau (cc-by-sa)
Tanacetum balsamita flower picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)
Tanacetum balsamita flower picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tanacetum balsamita world distribution map, present in Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:249302-2
WFO ID wfo-0000013170
COL ID 54N6D
BDTFX ID 66740
INPN ID 125457
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Chrysanthemum balsamita Chrysanthemum grandiflorum Balsamita balsamita Pyrethrum balsamita Balsamita suaveolens Chrysanthemum majus Balsamita vulgaris Balsamita major Matricaria balsamita Leucanthemum balsamita Tanacetum ovatifolium Tanacetum simplicifolium Chamaemelum balsamita Pyrethrum majus Pyrethrum tanaceum Matricaria apetala Tanacetum balsamita subsp. balsamita Balsamita major var. major Balsamita major subsp. major Tanacetum balsamita var. balsamita Chrysanthemum balsamita var. tanacetoides Tanacetum balsamita