Tarchonanthus trilobus Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Tarchonanthus

Characteristics

Tree or shrub 2-8 m high; bark brown, rough, fissured or flaking longitudinally; branches with well-marked leaf scars; ultimate branchlets robust, pale-tomentellous. Leaves crowded near branch apex, aromatic, shortly petiolate (petiole 5-26 mm long), blade thinly coriaceous, 4.5-16 x 2-13 cm (to 22 x 10 cm in saplings), base cuneate or obtuse, margins subentire, crenate, serrate or dentate (often with callose tips), bullate, adaxially glabrous (pubescent when very young) except for tomentellous midrib, abaxially white-or pale yellow-tomentose and glandular; secondary veins 7-15. Male capitula in narrow axillary panicles 3-10 cm long; capitula 5-18-flowered; stalks of individual capitula 0.5-3 mm long; involucre 2.5-5.5 mm long; phyllaries in 1-2 series, 8-14, narrowly triangular, 1.1-3.5 x 0.3-0.7 mm, acute, pubescent or lanate. Corolla white or yellow, with tube cylindric to infundibuliform, 0.9-1.9 mm long, lanate or pubescent; lobes five, ovate, 0.8-1.6 x 0.3-0.5 mm, acute, pubescent abaxially; anthers exserted, 1.4-1.8 mm long, tailed (0.3-0.4 mm), distal appendage triangular (0.2 mm); filaments 0.7-0.9 mm, glabrous; style 3.5-4.5 mm long, unbranched and acute or rarely minutely bifid at extreme apex, distal mm narrowly ellipsoid and papillate. Achenes vestigial, stub-like, 0.5-0.7 mm long, pubescent, rarely one more developed, resembling female achenes and to 1.5 mm long. Female capitula in narrow axillary panicles 3-9 cm long; capitula 1-flowered; stalks of individual capitula 0.5-1 mm long, lanate; involucre 3-8 mm long, ovoid or cylindric; phyllaries in 1-2 series, 4-6, (narrowly) elliptic, 1.6-7 x 0.3-1.5 mm, acute, lanate except adaxial tip, glandular. Corolla white or yellow with tube cylindric, 0.2-1.2 mm long, tomentose to lanate, sometimes glandular, lobes (four to) five, ovate or triangular, 0.4-1.2 mm long, acute, tomentose abaxially; staminodes occasionally present, thread-like, 0.2-0.5 mm long; style 1.5-2.8 mm long including two ovate lobes, each 0.2-0.6 mm long, glabrous, most distal part of style hollow. Achenes flattened ellipsoid or ovoid, 2.8-4 mm long, 1-1.8 mm in diam., 0.6-0.8 mm thick, lanate (rarely almost glabrous), glandular, 6-7-ribbed.
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Female capitula; involucres 4–5 x 2–5 mm., broadly cylindric-campanulate to ellipsoid or subglobose; phyllaries 4–8, 1–2-seriate, imbricate, coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, attenuate-acute to apex, shortly connate at base or free, densely lanate outside, the indumentum totally obscuring the capitulum; florets 1, corolla tube c. 1.5 mm. long, lanate outside, stigma shortly spreading bifid, exserted; achene c. 2.5–3(5) x 1.5(4) mm., somewhat flattened obovoid, densely covered in a mass of long sericeous-woolly hairs.
Leaves crowded towards the apex of twigs; petiole up to c. 2.3 cm. long, woolly-felted, canaliculate; lamina thinly coriaceous, up to c. 18 x 7 cm., obovate-elliptic to oblong-obovate, ± rounded or distinctly 3(5)-lobed at the apex, cuneate at the base, margins subentire to irregularly ± coarsely dentate towards the apex; upper surface glabrescent, ± bullate; under surface with prominent midribs and veins and a whitish or pale-buff, lanate indumentum.
Male capitula; involucres 2.5–3.5 x 3–4.5 mm., obconic-turbinate, phyllaries linear-lanceolate, connate below, densely lanate outside, glabrous inside; florets 10–16, corollas 3–4.5 mm. long, funnel-shaped, densely lanate outside; anther thecae 1.5–2 mm. long, exserted; style linear with a glandular simple apex exserted by up to c. 1.5 mm. from the anther tube; ovary rudimentary.
Capitula numerous in axillary, spiciform panicles amongst the leaves; panicle branches up to c. 3 cm. long, subtended by linear-spathulate bracts up to c. 1.5 mm. long.
Trunk up to c. 35 cm. in diam.; bark dark-grey, rough, flaking longitudinally; branches grey-felted; twigs robust, pale-brown, woolly-felted.
Small trees or shrubs up to c. 8(10)m. tall.
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Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
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Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 8.0
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

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Cultivation

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Images

Distribution

Tarchonanthus trilobus world distribution map, present in Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Tarchonanthus trilobus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:255170-1
WFO ID wfo-0000041644
COL ID 54X75
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Tarchonanthus trilobus var. trilobus Tarchonanthus trilobus

Lower taxons

Tarchonanthus trilobus var. galpinii