Tectona grandis L.F.

Common teak (en), Teck (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Tectona

Characteristics

podia continuous with the branchlets and similar in texture, color and pubescence, often elongate; pedicels stoutish or slender, 1-4 mm long, furfuraceous; a pair of large, foliaceous bracts subtending each pair of cymes, resembling the leaves but smaller; bractlets numerous, lanceolate-linear, to 15 mm long and 4 mm wide at the base, sessile, ochraceous-furfuraceous, apically attenuate; prophylls oblong or linear-lanceolate, to 5 mm long and 1 mm wide. Flowers with the calyx light-yellow or light-green, 3-4.5 mm long and 3-3.5 mm wide, densely furfuraceous-tomentose, 5-7-toothed or-lobed,. the teeth ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.5-2.5 mm long, often reflexed, obtuse; corolla white, sometimes rosy on the lobes, short-hypocrateriform, glabrous on both surfaces, the tube broadly cylindric, 1.5-3 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, the limb 5-7-parted, the lobes obovate-elliptic, 2.5-3 mm long and ca. 2.3 mm wide, apically rounded, overlapping, erect or reflexed, in-serted ca. 1.3 mm or more below the mouth of the corolla-tube, the filaments white, 2.5-4 mm long, glabrous, ampliate and flattened below, the anthers yellow, ovate or oblong; style white, 3.6-5.2 mm long, more or less pubescent with branched hairs, the ovary ovate or conic, 1.5-2 mm long, densely pubescent. Fruit subglobose or tetragonally flattened, to 1.5 cm long and wide, densely tomentose with irregularly branched light-brown or ochraceous hairs, umbilicate and 4-lobed at the apex; seeds oily; fruiting-calyx to 2.5 cm long and wide, chartaceous, light brown and brittle when dry, mostly irregularly plaited or crumpled and bladder-like.
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Tree to 50 m tall; branches and branchlets stout, 4-sided, with large, quad-ran.gular pith, the younger parts usually with obtuse angles and drying more or less sulcate between the angles, densely furfuraceous-tomentose with cinereous or ochraceous tomentum; nodes distinctly annulate with usually a corky layer and denser tomentum. Leaves drooping, deciduous, with a clasping base; firmly chartaceous, broadly elliptic, (11-)23-55(-85) cm long (to 1 m on turoins) but (6-)22-37(-50) cm wide, apically acute or short-acuminate, entire or repand-denticulate, basally abruptly acute or long-acuminate and prolonged into the alate petiole or clasping at the base, dark-green and shiny above, much lighter and not shiny beneath, densely squamose and rugose or bullate above, glabrescent and becoming smooth, densely furfuraceous-tomentose beneath with ochraceous or reddish to brownish hairs and densely resinous-punctate; petioles short or wanting, more or less margined or alate, densely ochraceous-furfuraceous. Inflorescences in the uppermost leaf-axils and terminal, paniculate, massive, the terminal panicles often many decimeters long and wide, but mostly ca. 40 cm long and 35 cm wide with distant, opposite, widely divaricate, many-branched, many-flowered cymes, densely cinereous-or ochraceous-furfuraceous throughout; peduncles and sym-
It is a large tree at maturity, up to 50 m... Large elliptic leaves 10–100 cm. long, 5–50 cm. wide, mostly about 30 × 25 cm., stellate-tomentose beneath and often with red coloration on rubbing.. Inflorescences massive, ± 40 cm. long, 35 cm. wide with stellate-tomentose axes and small white flowers, the corolla-tube ± 1.5–3 mm. long.. Fruit subglobose, ± 1.5 cm. long and wide, enclosed in the inflated bladdery calyx 2.5 cm. long and wide.. Information on teak has been summarised by Krishna Murthy (Bibliography on teak, Dehra Dun, 1981) and Moldenke gives much information (Phytologia 1: 154–164 (1935) & 5: 112–120 (1954)).
A large tree. It grows 25-50 m tall. The trunk is 1 m across. It can have slight buttresses. It is open with many branches. It loses some leaves during the year. The leaves are oval and have a rough surface. They can be 60 cm long. The flowers are in large panicles. They are white or pink. The fruit is round and can have 4 seeds. These are oval and white.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 30.0 - 40.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 2.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in tropical deciduous forests. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Occurs naturally in various types of tropical deciduous forests.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The leaves are added to the water in which unripe jackfruit are boiled to give them a red flavour. The leaves are used for fermenting soybean. They are also used in curries. They are also used to wrap food. The boiled teakwood shavings are used to colour Easter eggs. Arack is matured in teak wood to give a distinctive flavour.
Uses afforestation charcoal dye environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil ornamental social use tea timber wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (bark), Anti-inflammatory agents (bark), Astringents (bark), Bronchitis (bark), Diabetes mellitus (bark), Diuretics (bark), Dysentery (bark), Edema (bark), Expectorants (bark), Gastrointestinal diseases (bark), Leprosy (bark), Pain (bark), Scabies (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Urinary bladder diseases (bark), Vomiting (bark), Anthelmintics (flower), Anti-inflammatory agents (flower), Astringents (flower), Bronchitis (flower), Diabetes mellitus (flower), Diuretics (flower), Edema (flower), Expectorants (flower), Inflammation (flower), Leprosy (flower), Pain (flower), Scabies (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Stomatitis (flower), Thirst (flower), Urinary bladder diseases (flower), Urination disorders (flower), Vomiting (flower), Hair loss (fruit), Antipruritics (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Scabies (fruit), Skin diseases (fruit), Stomatitis (fruit), Urinary bladder calculi (fruit), Urination disorders (fruit), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antipruritics (leaf), Hemoptysis (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Hemostasis (leaf), Leprosy (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Stomatitis (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Anuria (root), Scorpion stings (root), Snake bites (root), Urinary retention (root), Antifungal agents (seed), Antipruritics (seed), Diuretics (seed), Eczema (seed), Emollients (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Urination disorders (seed), Bronchitis (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hair-Oil (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Alopecia (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Eyelid (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Eczema (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Eyelid diseases (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (wood), Analgesics (wood), Anthelmintics (wood), Anti-inflammatory agents (wood), Antiparasitic agents (wood), Arthritis (wood), Astringents (wood), Cough (wood), Diuretics (wood), Dysentery (wood), Dyspepsia (wood), Edema (wood), Expectorants (wood), Eye diseases (wood), Eyelid diseases (wood), Flatulence (wood), Gastritis (wood), Gastrointestinal diseases (wood), Headache (wood), Hypnotics and sedatives (wood), Inflammation (wood), Laxatives (wood), Leprosy (wood), Leukorrhea (wood), Liver injury (wood), Menorrhagia (wood), Neuralgia (wood), Pruritus (wood), General tonic for rejuvenation (wood), Skin diseases (wood), Vitiligo (wood), Cooling effect on body (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. It can also be grown by budding and grafting.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Tectona grandis habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Tectona grandis habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Tectona grandis habit picture by Chandru Chawla (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Tectona grandis leaf picture by Harshit Jha (cc-by-sa)
Tectona grandis leaf picture by chaturth shetty (cc-by-sa)
Tectona grandis leaf picture by uma raj (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tectona grandis flower picture by Jessica Pletto (cc-by-sa)
Tectona grandis flower picture by Ankit Pathak (cc-by-sa)
Tectona grandis flower picture by Herwig Mees (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Tectona grandis fruit picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)
Tectona grandis fruit picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tectona grandis world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Benin, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Gambia, Honduras, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Sudan, Togo, Thailand, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:864923-1
WFO ID wfo-0000321229
COL ID 553LY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447682
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Tectona grandis f. canescens Tectona grandis f. punctata Jatus grandis Tectonia theca Theka grandis Tectona grandis f. abludens Tectona grandis f. pilosula Tectona grandis f. tomentella Tectona grandis