Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.

Hawaiian fish poisoning plant (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Tephrosia

Characteristics

Erect or spreading annual or short-lived perennial herb, up to 80(–150) cm. tall.. Leaf-rhachis up to 8 cm. long, including a petiole of under 1 cm., prolonged ± 3 mm. beyond the lateral leaflets; stipules narrowly triangular; leaflets 9–17(–21), elliptic-oblong, ± 2 cm. long and 6 mm. wide, truncate or rounded at the apex, shortly mucronate, sparsely striguloseto silky pubescent beneath; main nerves ± 7 on each side.. Flowers reddish-purple or bright pink, in slender lax leaf-opposed pseudoracemes, a few also in the upper leaf-axils; bracts narrowly triangular, ± 4 mm. long; pedicels ± 4 mm. long, pubescent or strigulose.. Calyx brown, appressed strigulose to spreading pubescent; tube ±1.5 mm. long; teeth narrowly triangular, the lowest ± 3 mm., others ± 2 mm. long, upper pair ± one-third united.. Standard white pubescent outside, 6–9 mm. long and wide; keel glabrous.. Upper filament lightly attached, widened, but not bent or callous, 1.5 mm. above the base; filament-sheath ± 6 mm., free parts ± 2 mm., anthers 0.3 mm. long.. Style glabrous, linear, gently curved, ± 2.5 mm. long, not penicillate.. Pod gently upcurved towards the tip, 4–4.5(–6) cm. long, ± 4(–6.5) mm. wide, shortly strigulose; distance between the centres of adjacent seeds greater than the width of the pod; pubescent style-base horizontal or gently downcurved.. Seeds 6–9, mottled, longitudinal, subcylindrical, ± 3 mm. by 1.5 mm.; hilum central, hardly arillate.
More
Annual or perennial. Stems procumbent, ascending or erect, up to 70(100) cm high or sometimes (subsp. altissima) up to 150 cm, sometimes woody in the lower parts and forming a low bush, appressed or spreading-pubescent to densely white-or silvery-grey pubescent and sericeous. Leaves pinnate with (3)4-10(11) pairs of leaflets; petiole 0.1-3.5 cm long, petiole and rachis together (1.5)3-10(13) cm long; leaflets (0.5)0.8-4(4.5) x (0.2)0.3-1(1.3) cm, elliptic or obovate to oblong or oblanceolate, cuneate at the base, rounded to truncate at the apex; upper surface glabrous to silky, lower surface thinly appressed-pubescent to silky; stipules (0.5)1-8 x 0.2-1.5 mm, shortly triangular to linear-triangular. Flowers in terminal and leaf-opposed racemes 2-20(24) cm long; bracts 0.5-5 x 0.1-0.7 mm; pedicels 2-6(8) mm long. Calyx (1)2-4(6) mm long, appressed spreading-pubescent; lateral teeth approximately equalling the tube or rather longer. Petals (5)6-10 mm long, purple or pinkish. Staminal tube joined above. Ovary pubescent; style glabrous. Pods 26-60 x 4-6.5 mm, dark brown, shortly pubescent. Seeds (4)6-10(11), 3-4 x 2-2.5 x 1-1.2 mm, ± rhomboid or oblongoid, with a very small aril at the middle of one of the longer sides, not markedly closely packed, the distance between the centres of adjacent seeds being greater than the breadth of the pod.
Herbs, perennial, 30-60(-150) cm tall, many branched, pu­berulent, densely spreading villous, or glabrescent. Stems nearly erect to spreading, with a woody base, ridged. Leaves 9-17(-21)-foliolate; rachis 7-15 cm, including petiole ca. 1 cm; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 1.5-3.5(-4.5) × 0.4-1.5 cm, secondary veins 7-12 on each side of midvein, base narrowly rounded, apex obtuse, trun­cate, or retuse and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes terminal, opposite to a leaf or axillary near apex of branchlets, ca. 2 or 10-15 cm. Pedicel 2-4 mm, slender, slightly elongate in fruit. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx 2-4 × ca. 3 mm; teeth equal. Corolla mauve; stan­dard orbicular, white puberulent. Ovary with trichomes, with 5-8 ovules. Legume linear, 3-5 cm × 3.5-4(-6) mm, with sparse appressed trichomes, apically slightly curved. Seeds ca. 6 per legume, grayish brown, ellipsoid, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm, with or with­out spots, smooth or rough. Fl. Mar-Oct, fr. Sep-Dec.
An erect or scrambling herb. It can grow each year from seed or continue growing for a few years. It is 40-80 cm high. The stems can be hairy or smooth. The leaves have an odd number of leaflets. The leaves have 9-21 leaflets which are oblong and 2 cm long by 6 mm wide. They have a point at the tip. The flowers are 8 mm long in slender flower arrangements growing opposite leaves. These stalks can be 20 cm long. The flower standard is white inside and purple outside. The keel is green with a purple tip. The fruit are narrow pods curved upwards towards the tip. They are 4-5 cm long and 4-6 mm wide. They have short hairs. There are 6-9 seeds spaced more widely apart.
Leaves pinnate with (3)4–10(11) pairs of leaflets; petiole 0.1–3.5 cm long, petiole and rachis together (1.5)3–10(13) cm long; leaflets (0.5)0.8–4(4.5) × (0.2)0.3–1(1.3) cm, elliptic or obovate to oblong or oblanceolate, cuneate at the base, rounded to truncate at the apex; upper surface glabrous to silky, lower surface thinly appressed-pubescent to silky; stipules (0.5)1–8 × 0.2–1.5 mm, shortly triangular to linear-triangular.
Seeds (4)6–10(11), 3–4 × 2–2.5 × 1–1.2 mm, ± rhomboid or oblongoid, with a very small aril at the middle of one of the longer sides, not markedly closely packed, the distance between the centres of adjacent seeds being greater than the breadth of the pod.
Stems procumbent, ascending or erect, up to 70(100) cm high or sometimes (subsp. altissima) up to 150 cm, sometimes woody in the lower parts and forming a low bush, appressed or spreading-pubescent to densely white-or silvery-grey pubescent and sericeous.
Calyx (1)2–4(6) mm long, appressed spreading-pubescent; lateral teeth approximately equalling the tube or rather longer.
Flowers in terminal and leaf-opposed racemes 2–20(24) cm long; bracts 0.5–5 × 0.1–0.7 mm; pedicels 2–6(8) mm long.
Flowers purple or pink in very lax racemes with the lowest flowers appearing axillary and solitary
A variable perennial, 6–18 in. high, more or less erect, woody at the base
Pods 26–60 × 4–6.5 mm, dark brown, shortly pubescent.
Petals (5)6–10 mm long, purple or pinkish.
Ovary pubescent; style glabrous.
Staminal tube joined above.
Annual or perennial.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.75
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is self sown in grasslands. In Papua New Guinea it grows from 30 to 120 m altitude. It grows on the Deccan in India. It grows in the Sahara. It grows in arid places. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
More
Occurs naturally in grassy fields, waste places and thickets, on ridges, and along roadsides. Dry, rocky or clay soil in coastal sites, on lava fields, open areas at elevations from 5-610 metres in Hawaii.
In dry waste places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The roasted seeds are used instead of coffee. The seeds are eaten. The roots are used to flavour milk. The leaves are used for tea.
Uses animal food coffee substitute dye environmental use experimental purposes food food additive forage manure material medicinal poison shade soil improve tea vertebrate poison
Edible flowers leaves pods roots seeds
Therapeutic use Colic (bark), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Contusions (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Gonorrhea (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Pectoralis muscles (leaf), Syphilis (leaf), Abdominal pain (root), Acne vulgaris (root), Anemia (root), Anthelmintics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Asthma (root), Bronchitis (root), Colic (root), Diarrhea (root), Dysmenorrhea (root), Dyspepsia (root), Elephantiasis (root), Fever (root), Fishes, poisonous (root), Flatulence (root), Furunculosis (root), Gingivitis (root), Hemorrhage (root), Hepatomegaly (root), Inflammation (root), Liver diseases (root), Otitis media (root), Skin diseases (root), Hydrocele (root), Toothache (root), Tuberculosis, lymph node (root), Urination disorders (root), Anthelmintics (seed), Eczema (seed), Leprosy (seed), Scabies (seed), Toothache (stem), Poison (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Coffee (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Elephantiasis (unspecified), Epistaxis (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sclerosis (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Eczema (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Deobstruent (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Antitoxins (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified), Hemostatics (unspecified), Hepatomegaly (unspecified), Hypoglycemic agents (unspecified), Infection (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Liver injury (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Splenic diseases (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Vitiligo (unspecified), Anthelmintics (whole plant), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Fibrosis (whole plant), Jaundice (whole plant), Laxatives (whole plant), Liver diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 42
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Tephrosia purpurea leaf picture by rushika (cc-by-sa)
Tephrosia purpurea leaf picture by RAMA KRUSHNA KAMANI (cc-by-sa)
Tephrosia purpurea leaf picture by pessoa diana (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tephrosia purpurea flower picture by indu sankhla (cc-by-sa)
Tephrosia purpurea flower picture by Prashant Prashant Kasdekar (cc-by-sa)
Tephrosia purpurea flower picture by Hevellyn Enne (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Tephrosia purpurea fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Tephrosia purpurea fruit picture by Sergio Chitara (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tephrosia purpurea world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Brazil, Bhutan, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Comoros, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, Suriname, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:520851-1
WFO ID wfo-0000203860
COL ID 55D3G
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447212
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cracca purpurea Galega lanceaefolia Galega purpurea Tephrosia purpurea var. diffusa Tephrosia purpurea var. genuina Tephrosia purpurea var. purpurea Tephrosia purpurea

Lower taxons

Tephrosia purpurea subsp. purpurea Tephrosia purpurea subsp. leptostachya Tephrosia purpurea subsp. dunensis Tephrosia purpurea subsp. canescens Tephrosia purpurea subsp. barbigera Tephrosia purpurea subsp. apollinea Tephrosia purpurea var. sericea Tephrosia purpurea var. yunnanensis Tephrosia purpurea subsp. altissima Tephrosia purpurea var. glabra Tephrosia purpurea var. laxa