Terminalia arjuna (roxb. ex Dc.) Wight & Arn.

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Terminalia

Characteristics

An evergreen tree. It can lose its leaves. It often has buttresses. The bark is smooth and grey. It flakes off in thin strips. It grows to 25 m tall and spreads to 4 m across. It has a dense matted fibrous root system. The stem is erect and branching. The branches and leaves hang over. The leaves are oval and broad. They are 8-15 cm long. They taper towards the tip and are green and glossy. There are a pair of glands near the leaf stalk. The flowers are greenish-white. They occur near the ends of branches and have a strong perfume. They are not easily seen. They are crowded on spikes 5-7 cm long in the axils of leaves. The fruit are large and round. They are woody and 6 cm long. They have 5 thin flat wings running along the side.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0
Mature height (meter) 27.5
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. This plant originally comes from India. It prefers well composted, well drained, moist soils. It requires an open sunny position. It is damaged by drought and frost. It often occurs in drier regions but near river banks.
More
Wet, marshy areas and on riverbanks. Banks of streams and rivers in central India.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

A decoction of the bark is mixed with milk to make a drink. The bark is cut into small pieces and dried. The seeds are also eaten.
Uses animal food charcoal coffee substitute dye environmental use food fuel gum invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental poison seasoning tea timber vertebrate poison wood
Edible barks fruits leaves nuts seeds
Therapeutic use Alcoholic intoxication (bark), Anemia (bark), Angina pectoris (bark), Angina pectoris, variant (bark), Anti-arrhythmia agents (bark), Antidiuretic agents (bark), Antidotes (bark), Antihypertensive agents (bark), Anti-inflammatory agents (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Aphrodisiacs (bark), Asthma (bark), Astringents (bark), Bronchitis (bark), Cardiotonic agents (bark), Celiac disease (bark), Contusions (bark), Coronary artery disease (bark), Coronary circulation (bark), Diabetes mellitus (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Diuretics (bark), Dysentery (bark), Earache (bark), Emaciation (bark), Encephalitis (bark), Fibrosis (bark), Fractures, bone (bark), Heart diseases (bark), Hemorrhage (bark), Hemostatics (bark), Herpes simplex (bark), Hyperpigmentation (bark), Hypertension (bark), Ischemia (bark), Jaundice (bark), Leukorrhea (bark), Liver cirrhosis (bark), Liver diseases (bark), Freckles (bark), Myocardial depressant factor (bark), Myocardial infarction (bark), Obesity (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Scorpion stings (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Stress, physiological (bark), Thirst (bark), Ulcer (bark), Urinary bladder calculi (bark), Urination disorders (bark), Vasodilator agents (bark), Vitiligo (bark), Wound healing (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Cooling effect on body (bark), Deobstruent (bark), Angina pectoris (fruit), Antidiuretic agents (fruit), Cardiotonic agents (fruit), Coronary circulation (fruit), Herpes simplex (fruit), Hypertension (fruit), General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Skin diseases (fruit), Vitiligo (fruit), Deobstruent (fruit), Antifungal agents (leaf), Earache (leaf), Blister (stem), Oral ulcer (stem), Ache(Ear) (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Bite(Tiger) (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Callus (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Cirrhosis (unspecified), Convulsion (unspecified), Deobstruent (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Pleurisy (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomatitis (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Fracture (unspecified), Anemia (unspecified), Blister (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Ecchymosis (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Angina pectoris, variant (unspecified), Antidiuretic agents (unspecified), Anxiety (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cardiotonic agents (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Earache (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Fatigue (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemostatics (unspecified), Hyperhidrosis (unspecified), Infection (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Liver cirrhosis (unspecified), Meniere disease (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urinary bladder calculi (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Urethral discharge (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They can also be grown from root suckers, stumps and air-layering.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 33
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Terminalia arjuna leaf picture by Venkat Nalimela (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia arjuna leaf picture by Ankit Pathak (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia arjuna leaf picture by Ankit Pathak (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Terminalia arjuna fruit picture by S Monica (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia arjuna fruit picture by SHRABANI MONDAL (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia arjuna fruit picture by Venkat Nalimela (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Terminalia arjuna world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Fiji, Honduras, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Pakistan, Sudan, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170962-1
WFO ID wfo-0000407013
COL ID 55FZR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630783
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Terminalia cuneata Terminalia berryi Terminalia ovalifolia Pentaptera obovata Pentaptera glabra Pentaptera angustifolia Terminalia psidiifolia Terminalia elliptica Pentaptera arjuna Terminalia glabra Myrobalanus cuneata Terminalia arjuna