Terminalia arostrata Ewart & O.B.Davies

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Terminalia

Characteristics

Tree to 12 m high, deciduous. Branchlets pendulous, pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves sometimes crowded; lamina obovate, 3–10 (–13) cm long, usually 1.5–3.5 cm wide, 1.2–4 times as long as wide, markedly attenuate at base, obtuse or retuse at apex, concolorous, subglabrous; domatia small, irregularly distributed; petiole c. 10–60 mm long. Spike open, about as long as leaves. Flowers c. 5 mm diam., bisexual and male flowers 3–8 mm long. Calyx glabrous outside, sparsely villous inside; lobes deltoid, 2–3 mm long and wide. Staminal filaments c. 3 mm long. Disc villous. Style glabrous. Mature fruit globular, almost or quite beakless, 1.5–2.5 cm diam., succulent, smooth, dark purple or black; immature fruit beaked, often with 2–7 longitudinal ridges. [The above description from the Flora of Australia Volume 18 by Pedley (1990) requires revision as the treatment included Terminalia savannicola as a synonym of T. arostrata but T. savannicola is now a recognised species-Editor, 18 August 2021.]
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A medium sized tree which loses many of its leaves during the year. It grows to 7-12 m tall and spreads to 3 m across. The stem is erect and the branches hang downwards. The bark is dark grey or black, corky and deeply cracked. The tree has a rounded crown. The leaves are arranged in spirals. The leaves are oval and broad. They are leathery with a blunt tip. They narrow towards the base. They are 3-8 cm long and 1.5-3 cm across. They are slightly shiny and light to dark green. The leaf stalk is 1-3 cm long. The flowers are cream coloured but not easily seen. They occur on spikes 5-10 cm long in the axils of leaves towards the ends of small branches. The fruit are dark purple of black and round. They are 2.5 cm across. They have thin flesh and a smooth, hard woody shell around the one seed. The flesh of the fruit is edible but sour. The kernel is edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It occurs naturally in the Northern Territory and in Western Australia in Australia. It occurs in woodland in dry regions often in sandy soils. It prefers light to medium soils. It needs well drained soils. It suits an open sunny position. It is drought resistant. It is damaged by frost. It grows in areas with a temperature between 22°-38° C and a rainfall of 400-650 mm. It grows in acid soils with a pH between 5-6. It suits hardiness zones 9-11.
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Basaltic plains, seasonal swamps in heavy soils and alluvium. Found mainly on flat to gently undulating, low-lying alluvial plains and less commonly on dissected plateaux at elevations from 80-425 metres.
Often in pure stands in heavy soil or in lighter soil on levees.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The kernel of the fruit is edible. The tree is a moderately nutritive and palatable fodder.
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The seeds are eaten raw. They are similar in size and taste to a peanut.
Uses animal food environmental use fodder food fuel medicinal ornamental wood
Edible fruits nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from fresh seed. Seed is slow to start to grow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 38
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Terminalia arostrata world distribution map, present in Australia

Conservation status

Terminalia arostrata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170964-1
WFO ID wfo-0000407014
COL ID 55FZT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Terminalia arostrata Terminalia savannicola Terminalia rogersii