A medium-sized or large, deciduous tree, 8-30 m or more. Young branchlets tomentellous, appress-ed-pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged and somewhat crowded towards the ends of the twigs, subcoriaceous or chartaceous, usually subtomentose or pubescent, especially on the lower surface when young, frequently becoming glabrous when mature but often retaining some pubescence beneath, usually somewhat shiny above, narrowly to broadly elliptic or occasionally obovate, 9-20 by 3-9 cm, usually acuminate rarely rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, usually minutely verruculose on both surfaces, sometimes manifestly pellucid-punctate but usually only very obscurely so; nerves 4-7 pairs, rather widely spaced, reticulation clearly visible and sometimes rather prominent below; petiole tomentose, appressed-pubescent or glabrous, 1-4 cm, often with 2 glands varying in position from the middle to near the apex. Flowers cream or greenish-yellow, buds globular, protogynous, sessile in axillary spikes 6-20 cm long; rhachis tomentose or tomentellous. Bracts 1½-2 mm long, soon deciduous. Lower receptacle (ovary) 1-2 mm long, tomentose or sericeous; upper receptacle shallow-cupuliform 1 by 2½ mm, sericeous. Calyx-lobes deltoid, 1 mm long, tomentose outside and rather less densely so within. Filaments glabrous, 2-2½ mm; anthers ½ mm long. Disk, barbate. Style glabrous, 1½ mm. Fruit with 2 broad wings, very variable in size and shape, overall dimensions 1-3 by 2-10 cm, fruit-body trigonal, pubescent, velutinous or tomentose, wings pubescent 1-2 by 2-4 cm.
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A large tree. It grows up to 40 m tall. The tree has plank like buttresses which extend 10 m up the trunk. The small branches are often grouped in rings and thickened where they branch. The young tips of branches are ridged. The leaves are crowded near the ends of twigs and leave scars after they fall off. The leaves are hard and stiff. The leaves are oval and 8.5-16 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. They taper towards the base. Flowers are yellowish green to brown and easily fall off. They are very small. The fruit is flattened and has very broad wings. The fruit is more broad than long. It is 2-5 cm wide and 1-2 cm long. The fruit is dry and does not burst open. The seeds are brownish yellow and covered with fine short hairs and two wings up to 4 cm wide and less than 1 cm long.
A medium-sized tree (described as a tall tree in Papua) shedding its leaves towards the end of the year and growing on limestone cliffs (Langkawi Isl.), in lowland forest and by roads and ricefields in Kedah and Perlis where it is one of the commonest trees. Fl Aug.-Dec. in the rainy season, fr. Dec-April during the dry season, easily recognizable from its rather small-leaved, flat-topped crown, sparsely decked with the bright yellow withered leaves (Corner, l.c.). In the Philippines it is also abundant in primary forests. Apparently a species confined to areas subject to a dry season.
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A canopy or emergent tree on well-drained lower slopes at elevations from sea level to 500 metres. Limestone cliffs, in lowland forest and by roads and ricefields.
A tropical plant. Occurs occasionally in most areas of the Philippines amongst trees near the sea. It grows in areas with a dry season and at low altitudes.
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