Terminalia microcarpa Decne.

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Terminalia

Characteristics

Tree 10-40 by 2 m. Young branchlets at first fulvous-sericeous soon glabrescent, usually not markedly sympodial. Leaves papyraceous or chartaceous spirally arranged along the branchlets usually not markedly crowded at the apices, at first densely sericeous-pilose some appressed hairs usually remaining on both surfaces in old age but sometimes becoming glabrous, minutely verrucu-lose above and below, usually pellucid-punctate at time of flowering later becoming opaque, elliptic, oblong-ellptic, or broadly elliptic or sometimes very narrowly elliptic on sterile shoots, 6—15(-32) by 2—7(-11) cm, acuminate or apiculate at the apex, cuneate at the base; nerves 7-13 pairs; domatia usually present but not hairy; two rather inconspicuous glands usually present near the base of the leaf-blade; petiole appressed-pubescent or appressed-pilose, sometime glabrescent, usually relatively long and slender, 1½-3½ cm. Flowers sessile, in axillary spikes 6-12 cm long, rhachis fulvous-tomentose. Bracts hairy, filiform, 2-3 mm. Lower receptacle (ovary) densely sericeous, 1½-2 mm long; upper receptacle very shallow, scarcely developed. Calyx-lobes pubescent, ovate-triangular, 1-1½ mm long. Filaments glabrous, 2 mm; anthers 0.3-0.4 mm long. Disk barbate. Style glabrous, 1½ mm. Fruit plum-like, smooth, dark red, fleshy, edible, drupaceous, somewhat acid, up to 27 by 15 mm, when dried appressed-pubescent, flattened-ellpsoid, 10-20(-25) by 6-12 mm, often verrucose, usually apiculate at the apex and narrowly (sometimes obscurely) circumalate, endocarp very sclerenchymatous.
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Tree to 30 (–40) m high, deciduous. Branchlets appressed pubescent. Leaves not crowded; lamina obovate, rarely elliptic, 6–13.5 cm long, 3–6 cm wide, 1.7–3 times as long as wide, cuneate or attenuate at base, obtuse or shortly obtusely acuminate at apex, discolorous, shiny above, sparsely pubescent, becoming glabrous or almost so on one or both surfaces; domatia small; petiole 4–12 mm long. Spike dense or open, shorter or longer than leaves. Flowers 3–4 mm long, c. 5 mm diam. Calyx sericeous outside, usually glabrous inside; lobes triangular, c. 2 mm long and wide. Staminal filaments 2–3 mm long. Disc villous. Style villous. Fruit ovoid, slightly compressed, obscurely angled, 1.3–1.8 cm long, c. 1 cm wide, sparsely sericeous or glabrous, succulent, red or purple; immature fruit compressed, apiculate, sericeous.
A large tree. It grows 12-30 m high. The trunk can be 1 m across. The branches spread widely. It can have buttresses 4 m tall. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are bunched near the ends of the twigs. The leaves are smooth and pointed at both ends. They are 6-15 cm long by 3-5 cm wide. The flowers are yellowish white, on slender flower stalks which grow from the axils of leaves. The fruit are about 3 cm across, smooth, dark red and fleshy.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 23.5 - 32.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Usually found in drier types of rainforest, on rainforest margins and banks of large streams. Evergreen and semi-deciduous monsoon vine forest, often emergent above canopy (Wightman & Andrews 1989: 84). Rainforest, monsoon forest, vine thickets, gallery forest, sclerophyll forest (Cooper & Cooper 2004: 130).
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Around springs & swamps, rocky creek beds in western Australia, at elevations up to 750 metres. Primary forests at low elevations in the Philippines. Drier types of rainforest; rainforest margins and banks of large streams.
It is a tropical plant. It grows naturally in monsoon vine forests. Very common and widely distributed in the forests throughout the islands of the Philippines. It grows up to 1,350 m above sea level.
A usually tall tree common in both primary evergreen and in seasonal deciduous forests (e.g. teak-forest in Java), up to 800 m.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. The fruits (fleshy pericarp) are edible and are also used in lotions for the eye and skin. The wood is light brown and not very durable when exposed to the weather or in contact with the ground. A durable wood for interior work. Used for furniture and cabinet making; a good wood for ship planking ( Reyes Commonw. Philip. Dept Agr. Techn. Bull. 7 1938 372 ).
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The fruit are eaten raw when ripe or made into jam. There is little flesh but it is very sweet. They are also boiled and cooked with sugar.
Uses food material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits nuts
Therapeutic use Dermatosis (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds or grafting.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Terminalia microcarpa world distribution map, present in Australia, Indonesia, Iceland, and Malaysia

Conservation status

Terminalia microcarpa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:171240-1
WFO ID wfo-0000408867
COL ID 7BS8G
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 639225
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Terminalia microcarpa