Terminalia prunioides M.A.Lawson

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Terminalia

Characteristics

Small deciduous tree 7-15 m high or shrub; crown narrow-ovoid to rounded; bark pale-grey to grey-black, deeply fissured; long shoots usually straight; lateral shoots ending in spur shoots, rarely with additional lateral spur shoots; spur shoots rarely borne directly on the long shoots; spines occasionally present but only on the long shoots. Leaves in fascicles on spurs, petiolate; lamina up to 7.5 x 3 cm, chartaceous, broadly obovate to elliptic-obovate, usually densely pubescent when young, ± glabrescent, apex rounded or emarginate or mucronate, base obtuse to cuneate; lateral nerves 3-5 pairs, ± impressed above; petiole 0.5-1.5(2.5) cm long. Inflorescences of lateral spikes 5-8 cm long; peduncle 1.7-2 cm long, densely to sparsely pubescent. Flowers cream or white, glabrous or nearly so. Sepals triangular. Stamens 3-4 mm long; anthers 0.5 mm long. Disk pilose. Fruit purplish-brown or red, 4-6.5 x 2-3(5) cm, elliptic-oblong in outline, apex obtuse, deeply emarginate or mucronate: stipe up to 7 mm long. Cotyledons 2, 10-11 x 18-20 mm, transversely elliptic to subreniform with petioles 3-4 mm long, borne above soil level.
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Shrub or small tree 7–15 m. high; bark grey, fissured; long shoots usually straight; lateral shoots ending in spur shoots, rarely with additional lateral spur shoots; spines occasionally present and only on the long shoots.. Leaves borne in fascicles on the spur shoots; lamina chartaceous, broadly obovate to elliptic-obovate, up to 7.5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, apex rounded, emarginate or mucronate, base obtuse to cuneate, usually densely pubescent when young, becoming glabrescent; lateral nerves 3–5 pairs, ± impressed above; petiole0.5–1.5(–2.5) cm. long.. Inflorescences of lateral spikes 5–8 cm. long; peduncle 1.7–2 cm. long, densely to sparsely pubescent.. Flowers cream or white, glabrous or nearly so.. Fruit (fig. 12/3, p. 79) purplish brown or red, elliptic-oblong in outline, 4–6.5 cm. long, 2–3 cm. wide, apex obtuse, deeply emarginate or mucronate; stipe up to 7 mm. long.. Cotyledons 2, with petioles 3–4 mm. long, borne above soil-level.
A bushy shrub and also a medium sized tree. It grows 5-15 m tall. It can have a girth of 1.5 m. It can have one or many stems. The bark is light grey and ribbed along its length. The branches hang over. The short twigs point upwards and at right angles to the branches. The leaves and flowers are crowded at the ends of the small branches. The bark on the twigs strips off in short lengths. The leaves are small. They are 1.3-5 cm long by 2.5 cm across. They are oval and often widest in the upper half and taper to the base. The leaves are dark green on the upper surface and lighter green and hairy underneath. The flowers are small and starry. They are white with a puff of yellow stamens. They are in lax spikes at the ends of short branches. They have a strong scent. The fruit are 3.5-5 cm long and oval. The seed in the thickened centre is surrounded by a tough flat wing. They turn deep wine red when ripe.
Small deciduous tree 7–15 m. high or shrub; crown narrow-ovoid to rounded; bark pale-grey to grey-black, deeply fissured; long shoots usually straight; lateral shoots ending in spur shoots, rarely with additional lateral spur shoots; spur shoots rarely borne directly on the long shoots; spines occasionally present but only on the long shoots.
Leaves in fascicles on spurs, petiolate; lamina up to 7·5 x3 cm., chartaceous, broadly obovate to elliptic-obovate, usually densely pubescent when young, ± glabrescent, apex rounded or emarginate or mucronate, base obtuse to cuneate; lateral nerves 3–5 pairs, ± impressed above; petiole 0·5–1·5(2·5) cm. long.
Small deciduous tree or shrub, 7-15 m high. Spines occasionally present but only on long shoots; long shoots usually straight. Leaves in fascicles on short spur shoots, lateral nerves impressed above. Fruit 40-65 mm long. Flowers cream or white.
Fruit purplish-brown or red, 4–6·5 x 2–3(5) cm., elliptic-oblong in outline, apex obtuse, deeply emarginate or mucronate: stipe up to 7 mm. long.
Cotyledons 2, 10–11 x 18–20 mm., transversely elliptic to subreniform with petioles 3–4 mm. long, borne above soil level.
Inflorescences of lateral spikes 5–8 cm. long; peduncle 1·7–2 cm. long, densely to sparsely pubescent.
Flowers cream or white, glabrous or nearly so.
Stamens 3–4 mm. long; anthers 0·5 mm. long.
Sepals triangular.
Disk pilose.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
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Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in frost free areas. It likes shade. It can grow on sandy or stony soils. It grows naturally in low altitude open woodland and scrub. It occurs on rocky slopes and deep alluvial soils of low altitude rivers. It is very drought resistant. It grows between 30-1,400 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. In Brisbane Botanical Gardens.
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Sandy areas and on stony slopes of arid and semi-arid zones. It also occurs in coastal bushlands and riverine thickets and on alluvial plains and saline areas.
Light -
Soil humidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The gum exuded from the tree is edible. The young twigs are boiled in water to make tea. The fresh leaves are used for tea. The seeds are used for coffee. They are ground and boiled with milk and sugar. The seeds are eaten raw. The fruit are eaten as a desert fruit. They are also used as a tea.
Uses animal food bee plant charcoal coffee substitute environmental use fodder food food additive fuel gum invertebrate food material medicinal social use tea timber wood
Edible fruits gums leaves seeds stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. The seeds germinate easily. It is best to remove the wings and then soak the seeds for a few hours before sowing. Seeds germinate in about 3 weeks.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
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Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 35
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Productivity -

Images

Habit

Terminalia prunioides habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia prunioides habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia prunioides habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Terminalia prunioides leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia prunioides leaf picture by Leigh Winowiecki (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia prunioides leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Terminalia prunioides flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia prunioides flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia prunioides flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Terminalia prunioides fruit picture by Leigh Winowiecki (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia prunioides fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia prunioides fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Terminalia prunioides world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:171334-1
WFO ID wfo-0000408552
COL ID 55GD4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Terminalia benguellensis Terminalia rautanenii Terminalia petersii Terminalia somalensis Terminalia hararensis Terminalia holstii Terminalia prunioides