Terminalia sericea Burch. ex Dc.

Clusterleaf (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Terminalia

Characteristics

Small deciduous bushy tree 3-12(16) m high or shrub; crown flat or rounded; bark grey-brown or pale-brown to grey-black, longitudinally fissured, fresh bark pale-rusty-red; branchlets with purplish-black bark peeling to reveal a light-brown newly exposed surface; young shoots sericeous-tomentose. Leaves spirally arranged, petiolate; lamina 5.5-12.5 x 1.5-4.5 cm, chartaceous, narrowly obovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, densely silvery-sericeous-tomentose (somewhat glabrescent when old), apex acute to rounded, base cuneate; lateral nerves usually inconspicuous beneath; petiole 2-10 mm long. Inflorescences of lateral spikes 5-7.5 cm long; peduncle 2.5-3 cm long, densely sericeous. Flowers greenish-white. Lower receptacle sericeous-tomentose; upper receptacle sericeous but less densely so. Sepals triangular-acuminate. Stamens 4 mm long; anthers 0.5 mm long. Disk pilose. Fruit pinkish or purplish-brown, 3-4 x 1.7-2.5 cm broadly elliptic, apex obtuse to rounded and usually emarginate, base obtuse to subtruncate, finely tomentose, stipe 5-7 mm long. Cotyledons 2, c. 2 cm in diam., irregularly subcircular with petioles 1.5-2 cm long, arising below soil level.
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Small spreading tree 3–16 m. high; bark grey-brown or pale cream, longitudinally fissured; branchlets with purplish black bark peeling off in strips to reveal a light brown newly exposed surface; young shoots sericeous-tomentose.. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina narrowly obovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5.5–12.5 cm. long, 1.5–4.5 cm. wide, apex acute to rounded, base cuneate, sericeous-pubescent to densely silvery sericeous-tomentose beneath, becoming somewhat glabrescent when old; lateral nerves 5–8 pairs, usually inconspicuous; petiole 2–10 mm. long.. Inflorescences of lateral spikes 5–7.5 cm. long; peduncle 2.5–3 cm. long, densely sericeous.. Flowers greenish white, sericeous-tomentose outside.. Fruit (fig. 12/12, p. 79) pinkish to purplish brown, broadly elliptic, 3–4 cm. long, 1.7–2.5 cm. wide, apex obtuse to rounded and usually emarginate, base obtuse to subtruncate, finely tomentose; stipe 5–7 mm. long.. Cotyledons 2, petioles 1.5–2 cm. long, arising below soil-level.
A shrub or small tree which loses its leaves during the year. It normally grows 6-9 m tall. It can grow to 23 m tall and have a stem 50 cm across. The trunk is dark and has deep splits along its length. The bark on the twigs is reddish brown due to silky hairs. The branches come out horizontal and droop slightly at the ends. This makes the branches appear to come out in layers. The leaves are clustered near the tips of the small branches. The leaves are grey-green or silver. The leaves are sword shaped and 5-15 cm long by 1.3-2.5 cm wide. They are usually wider above the middle and narrower towards the base. The leaves are on short leaf stalks. The flowers are small and yellow in spikes. They droop and have an unpleasant smell. The fruit are oval and round tipped. They are flat and with one seed. This is usually surrounded by a thin wing. The fruit become pink when ripe.
Small deciduous bushy tree or shrub, 3-12(-16) m high. Bark on young branchlets purple-black, peeling off in cylindric or hemicylindric flakes exposing reddish brown or brown surface. Leaves densely silvery sericeous-tomentose, 3 times as long as broad, lateral nerves inconspicuous. Flowers greenish white.
Leaves spirally arranged, petiolate; lamina 5·5–12·5 x 1·5–4·5 cm., chartaceous, narrowly obovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, densely silvery-sericeous-tomentose (somewhat glabrescent when old), apex acute to rounded, base cuneate; lateral nerves usually inconspicuous beneath; petiole 2–10 mm. long.
Small deciduous bushy tree 3–12(16) m. high or shrub; crown flat or rounded; bark grey-brown or pale-brown to grey-black, longitudinally fissured, fresh bark pale-rusty-red; branchlets with purplish-black bark peeling to reveal a light-brown newly exposed surface; young shoots sericeous-tomentose.
Fruit pinkish or purplish-brown, 3–4 x 1·7–2·5 cm. broadly elliptic, apex obtuse to rounded and usually emarginate, base obtuse to subtruncate, finely tomentose, stipe 5–7 mm. long.
Cotyledons 2, c. 2 cm. in diam., irregularly subcircular with petioles 1·5–2 cm. long, arising below soil level.
Inflorescences of lateral spikes 5–7·5 cm. long; peduncle 2·5–3 cm. long, densely sericeous.
Lower receptacle sericeous-tomentose; upper receptacle sericeous but less densely so.
Stamens 4 mm. long; anthers 0·5 mm. long.
Sepals triangular-acuminate.
Flowers greenish-white.
Disk pilose.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 3.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to South Africa. It grows in the sandy bushveld in Southern Africa. It grows in areas between 300-520 mm per year. It can tolerate frost. It can grow in salty soils. It grows between 45-1,920 m above sea level. It can tolerate drought. It can grow in arid places.
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Scattered in open woodlands and woodland savannah, sometimes dominant or co-dominant in mixed deciduous forests, at elevations from 45-1,920 metres.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 4-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The tree produces a gum which is eaten. The leaves are used as a tea substitute. The leaves are eaten.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use food fuel gum invertebrate food material medicinal poison social use tea timber vertebrate poison wood
Edible gums leaves
Therapeutic use Fatality (unspecified), Wart (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. Seed do not germinate easily. It is required to be on a deep sandy soil. It is best to plant the seeds where they are to grow rather than transplant.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Terminalia sericea leaf picture by Bertus Franken (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia sericea leaf picture by Mathieu Millan (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia sericea leaf picture by Geraldine Lamprecht (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Terminalia sericea fruit picture by Alexander Alexander (cc-by-sa)
Terminalia sericea fruit picture by Ruan Du Peeez (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Terminalia sericea world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Terminalia sericea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:171387-1
WFO ID wfo-0000408491
COL ID 7C3HH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Myrobalanus brosogiana Myrobalanus sericea Terminalia angolensis Terminalia fischeri Terminalia nyassensis Terminalia bubu Terminalia brosigiana Terminalia sericea