Thonningia sanguinea Vahl

Species

Angiosperms > Santalales > Balanophoraceae > Thonningia

Characteristics

Tuber trailing 10–15 cm. below soil surface, 20 cm. or more long, 0.6–0.8 (1–1.5 in swollen part) cm. in diameter, minutely pilose.. Inflorescence-bearing stems appearing a few cm. above soil-surface with their bright red, flowering upper parts, 5–20 cm. long from tuber.. Leaves triangular-ovate, lower ± 8 × 4 mm., upper 20 × 8 mm., forming an involucre around the spadix.. Inflorescence 2.8–3 × 3.2–3.9 cm., ♂ spadices depressed-hemispherical, ♀ spadices hemispherical.. Flowers apparently ebracteate or ♂ subtended by minute reduced bracts.. Male flowers, including pedicel, up to 1.5 cm. long with perianth-segments ± 3 mm. long and synandrium 5–6 mm. long.. Female flowers 3 mm. long, ovary with perianth ± 2 mm., style 1–1.5 mm.. Infructescence dark red, fleshy, ovoid, with spadix strongly swelling above involucre.. Fig. 2.
More
Bracts 5–30 × 3–11 mm, ovate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, margins irregularly and obscurely serrulate, rigid, becoming smaller towards base of involucre and continuous with scales on peduncle, pinkish-crimson turning brown with age.
A plant that grows attached to other trees for food. It has a stout rhizome or underground stem. There are tubers where the rhizome attaches to the host plant. The scaly flower heads only appear above the ground. They are 7 cm high
Peduncles 0–13 cm tall, glabrous to pubescent (particularly in axils of scales); scales 4–10 × 2–5 mm, ovate to lanceolate, acute, margins sometimes irregularly and obscurely serrulate, rigid, glabrous.
Male flowers 8–15 mm long; perianth segments 2–4, lanceolate, acute; stamens 2–6 in cylindrical synandrium, anthers whitish-cream.
Tuber irregularly shaped from subspherical up to 8–10 cm diameter to elongate, 5–17 × 1.3–4 cm, densely pubescent.
Infructescence 2.5–3.5 cm diameter, dull reddish-black to crimson, looking like a strawberry.
Female flowers: perianth 1–1.5 mm long; style 2–3 mm long, filiform.
Inflorescence heads 2.5–5 cm long, opening to 1.5–5.5 cm broad.
Seeds 0.75–1.5 mm long, ellipsoid, creamy.
Rhizomes 3–8 mm diameter, pubescent.
Plant to 18 cm tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support parasite
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.13 - 0.13
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Common in rain-forest, gallery forest and adjacent woodland; rarer in savannah; associated with Chrysophyllum albidum, Cola gigantea, Erythrophleum suaveolens, Alstonia boonei, Parinari excelsa, Milicia excelsa, at elevations up to 1,700 metres.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows in woodland and in forests along rivers. In Nigeria it has been recorded at 230 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The rhizome is used to flavour sauces and other dishes.
Uses food material medicinal poison social use
Edible rhizomes roots
Therapeutic use Asthma (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Laryngitis (unspecified), Spice (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Thonningia sanguinea unspecified picture

Distribution

Thonningia sanguinea world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329935-2
WFO ID wfo-0000410707
COL ID 56JWY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Thonningia angolensis Thonningia ugandensis Thonningia coccinea Thonningia dubia Thonningia elegans Thonningia sessilis Thonningia sanguinea