Torilis japonica Dc.

Upright hedge-parsley (en), Torilis anthrisque (fr), Grattau (fr), Torilide du Japon (fr), Torilis du Japon (fr), Torilis faux cerfeuil (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Torilis

Characteristics

Erect annual. Stems densely hairy above and sparsely to moderately hairy near base, solid, striate, 40-120-(200) cm high, sometimes purple tinged; hairs deflexed. Basal lvs moderately to densely hairy above and below, 1-2-pinnate, petiolate; utlimate segments ovate to lanceolate, pinnatifid and serrate, 10-40-(80) mm long, sessile or shortly petiolulate; stem lvs similar to basal but 1-pinnate or pinnately 3-foliolate toward apex with less divided segments. Umbels 2-5 cm diam., long-pedunculate, usually terminal; rays (2)-6-11, 10-20 mm long; bracts (2)-4-6, linear; bracteoles 4-7, linear. Fls few to numerous, pinkish or purplish white, 1-3 mm diam., irregular. Fr. ovoid, 3-4 mm long; all mericarps spinous; spines curved upward, hooked and pointed at tip.
More
Stems to more than 1 m, finely striate, rough by appressed bristles. Leaves triangular in outline, sparingly appressedly hirsute, pinnate, leaflets pinnatipartite, segments pinnatifid to serrate. Umbels terminal and axillary; peduncles 5-20 cm; rays 4-12, ½-3 cm; pedicels 4-10, 1-4 mm, all antrorsely hirsute; involucres 2-6; involucels 3-7, nearly filiform. Calyx teeth nearly ½ mm, triangular-lanceolate, mucronulate. Petals ½-1 mm through, appressedly hairy outside. Mericarps about 4 by 1½ mm, oblong, ribs obtuse, grooves with densely placed uncinate bristles.
Herbs 20–120 cm tall. Basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate; petiole 2–7 cm; blade triangular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate in outline, up to 20 × 17 cm; pinnae ovate-lanceolate, 2–6 × 1–2.5 cm. Peduncles 3–25 cm, retrorse hispid; bracts few, linear; rays 4–12, 1–3 cm spreading, bristly; bracteoles 5–8, linear or subulate, 1.5–7 × 0.5–1.5 mm; umbellules 4–12-flowered. Pedicels 1–4 mm, shorter than bracteoles. Calyx teeth small, deltoid-lanceolate. Fruit often blackish purple when mature, globose-ovoid, 1.5–5 × 1–2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Oct.
Much like no. 1 [Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link]; lvs often a little less dissected; invol of several bracts, commonly 1 to each ray; fr with shorter, stouter, more obviously subconic, less widely spreading, more upcurved prickles ca 0.5 mm or a little less; 2n=16. Native to the Old World, now widely established as a weed in our range, but less common than no. 1. (T. anthriscus, a preoccupied name)
A slender annual herb. It is erect and grows 20-80 cm tall. The stems are much branched. The leaves are oval. The leaf blade is 2-6 cm long and wide. There are 2 or 3 sets of leaflets. They have teeth. The flowers are white of pink. They are in loose groups at the top of the plant.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in mixed forests and grassy places between 300-3,800 m in China.
More
Hedges and grassy places in dry soils.
Mountains, 1225-2500 m.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-10

Usage

The young plants are gathered before flowering and used as a potherb.
Uses fodder medicinal potherb
Edible leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (fruit), Antifungal agents (fruit), Anti-inflammatory agents (fruit), Antiprotozoal agents (fruit), Antiviral agents (fruit), Anthelmintics (root), Antifungal agents (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antiprotozoal agents (root), Antiviral agents (root), Astringent (unspecified), Tumor(Uterus) (unspecified), Antiphlogistic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Torilis japonica habit picture by Philippe Levarlet (cc-by-sa)
Torilis japonica habit picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)
Torilis japonica habit picture by Frank Sundermeyer (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Torilis japonica leaf picture by Laurence Kohler (cc-by-sa)
Torilis japonica leaf picture by bas yves (cc-by-sa)
Torilis japonica leaf picture by Lukas Boje (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Torilis japonica flower picture by FREDERIC FAURE (cc-by-sa)
Torilis japonica flower picture by Michael d'Apice (cc-by-sa)
Torilis japonica flower picture by laudrin laudrin jerome (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Torilis japonica fruit picture by Alexander Baransky (cc-by-sa)
Torilis japonica fruit picture by Boris Turk (cc-by-sa)
Torilis japonica fruit picture by Janos Balint (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Torilis japonica world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, American Samoa, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Brazil, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), North Macedonia, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:849533-1
WFO ID wfo-0000411355
COL ID 7CHDC
BDTFX ID 68580
INPN ID 126859
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Torilis elata Torilis stricta Torilis rubella Torilis persica Tordylium verecundum Torilis anthrisca Chaerophyllum hispidum Torilis convexa Tordylium anthriscus Torilis japonica Selinum torilis Selinum anthriscus Anthriscus vulgaris Caucalis aspera Caucalis coniifolia Caucalis elata Caucalis japonica Caucalis praetermissa Daucus anthriscus Caucalis anthriscus Torilis praetermissa Caucalis scandicina Torilis anthriscus var. japonica