Tortella xanthocarpa (schimp. ex Müll.hal.) Broth.

Plants small, caespitose, green to yellow-green, brownish below; terricolous, corticolous or rarely saxicolous. Stems 1-5 mm tall, occasionally branching; in section round, central strand small, cortical cells incrassate, smaller and reddish toward margin. Leaves crowded above, contorted to incurved dry, erect-spreading wet, somewhat fragile; linear to lanceolate, 2.5-4.0 (-5.0) mm long; apex acute or occasionally some leaves obtuse, frequently mucronate; base oval to oblong; margin plane, entire or occasionally irregular above through displaced cells. Costa short-excurrent, ventral superficial cells quadrate, papillose or mammillose, dorsal superficial cells rectangular to linear, smooth; in section subround, guide cells 4, large, ventral stereid band 2-3 cells thick, ventral surface cells similar to laminal cells, papillose or mammillose, dorsal stereid band 2-5 cells thick, dorsal surface cells not differentiated. Upper laminal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, weakly thickened, superficially bulging, papillose to weakly papillose, 4-6 over lumen, low, blunt or strongly thickened and becoming mammillose, appearing smooth in surface view; basal cells rectangular, lax, hyaline, smooth, extending up margins, restricted to lower 1/4 or extending to mid-leaf. Autoicous. Perigonia on short lateral branches; perichaetia terminal, leaves undifferentiated. Seta 6-10(-15) mm long, reddish yellow; capsule cylindrical, 2 mm long; peristome present, yellowish red, inserted at mouth, teeth filiform above very short basal membrane, 0.5 mm high, twisted counter clockwise; operculum rostrate, 0.8 mm long; calyptra cucullate, covering urn; spores round, 15-17 µm, weakly papillose.