Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze

Poison-ivy (en), Lierre toxique (fr), Sumac radicant (fr), Sumac vénéneux (fr), Sumac à la gale (fr), Sumac à la puce (fr), Toxicodendron radicant (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae > Toxicodendron

Characteristics

Climbing or straggling vine, producing abundant aerial roots; lfls 3, mostly flat, 5–15 cm, ovate to elliptic, acute or acuminate, entire or often with a few irregular, ± pointed teeth or shallow lobes; terminal lfl long-petiolulate, the others subsessile or short-petiolulate; infls to 1 dm, loose, branched, with mostly more than 25 fls, often ± pendulous in fr; frs pedicellate, mostly 3–5 mm thick; 2n=30. Commonly in open woods, often in disturbed habitats, sometimes in more open sites with nothing to climb on; s. N.S. to Fla., w. to Mich., se. Minn., e. Neb., Okla., and Tex. and s. to Guat.; also in China and Japan. May–July. (Rhus r.) Several confluent vars., 2 in our range.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Woods, on rocky slopes and in wooded swamps. Hill forests; at elevations from 600-2,200 metres in southern China (var hspida).
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

Uses dye medicinal oil poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Tonic (leaf), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Emetic (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Heart (unspecified), Homeopathy (unspecified), Ischias (unspecified), Myalgia (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Tattoo (unspecified), Vesicant (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Hypertrophy (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified)
Human toxicity allergenic (leaf)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -30
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Toxicodendron radicans habit picture by Alex H (cc-by-sa)
Toxicodendron radicans habit picture by Matthias Foellmer (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Toxicodendron radicans leaf picture by Cindy Cindy (cc-by-sa)
Toxicodendron radicans leaf picture by Sarah Follmer (cc-by-sa)
Toxicodendron radicans leaf picture by Nicholas Dewlaney (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Toxicodendron radicans flower picture by Josh M (cc-by-sa)
Toxicodendron radicans flower picture by Rebecca Blackwell (cc-by-sa)
Toxicodendron radicans flower picture by Susan Mene (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Toxicodendron radicans fruit picture by Sean R (cc-by-sa)
Toxicodendron radicans fruit picture by Matthias Foellmer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Toxicodendron radicans world distribution map, present in Bahamas, Bermuda, Canada, China, France, Guatemala, Italy, Mexico, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Conservation status

Toxicodendron radicans threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:255769-2
WFO ID wfo-0001049365
COL ID 57LHS
BDTFX ID 68639
INPN ID 126914
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Toxicodendron volubile Ptelea pentandra Rhus littoralis Toxicodendron goniocarpum Toxicodendron serratum Rhus scandens Toxicodendron vulgare Cotinus radicans Rhus radicans Rhus blodgettii Toxicodendron blodgettii Philostemon lutescens Toxicodendron hesperium Toxicodendron arizonicum Toxicodendron phaseoloides Rhus rhomboidea Toxicodendron rhomboideum Rhus humilis Rhus floridana Philostemon radicans Rhus toxicodendron var. radicans Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans Toxicodendron radicans subsp. radicans Toxicodendron radicans var. littorale Toxicodendron radicans var. microcarpon Toxicodendron radicans var. rhomboideum Toxicodendron radicans

Lower taxons

Toxicodendron radicans subsp. eximum Toxicodendron radicans subsp. verrucosum Toxicodendron radicans var. negundo Toxicodendron radicans subsp. barkleyi Toxicodendron radicans subsp. pubens