Tragopogon pratensis L.

Showy goatsbeard (en), Salsifis des prés (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Tragopogon

Characteristics

Mostly biennial, 1.5-8 dm; lvs elongate, to 30 × 2 cm, rather abruptly narrowed a little above the base, and tending to have the margins somewhat crisped, cirrhose-recurved at the tip, slightly floccose when young, soon glabrous; peduncles not enlarging in fl and scarcely so in fr; invol bracts typically 8, 12-24 mm in fl, equaling or shorter than the chrome-yellow rays, elongating to 18-38 mm in fr; achenes 15-25 mm, rather abruptly contracted to the slender, relatively short beak, the body not much shorter than in our other spp.; pappus whitish; 2n=12. Roadsides, fields, and waste places, commonly in slightly moister habitats than no. 2 [Tragopogon dubius Scop.]; native of Europe, now widely established in our range and westward. May-Aug.
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Annual to perennial with cylindric rootstock. Stems erect, weakly ribbed, glabrous or with sparse fine hairs above, 30-60 cm tall. Lvs linear to lanceolate-subulate, entire, acuminate, 5-25 × 0.1-1 cm; base sheathing; margins undulate or flat. Capitula solitary; peduncles not swollen (< 3 mm thick at fruiting). Involucre with a band of felted or cobwebby tomentum at base; involucral bracts 6-8, lanceolate-acuminate, 3-4 × c. 1 cm at fruiting, usually glabrous, sometimes tomentose near apex. Corolla yellow, < involucre. Achenes fusiform, ribbed, the outer weakly muricate, the inner smooth; body c. 8-10 mm long; beak = or < body, clavate at apex. Pappus sordid, 1.5-2 cm long, plumose, in 2 rows seated on a distinct, tomentose annulus.
A tall herb. It can be an annual or grow for some years. It can have some hairs. The stems are usually not branched. It grows 70 cm tall. The stems grow upwards from a large taproot. The leaves are narrow and have a channel along them. The leaves on the stem partly clasp the stem. These leaves taper to a fine point. The flower heads are pale yellow. Each flower contains 8 sword shaped bracts. The fruit are round and fluffy. They are made up of several small nutlets. Each one has small feather like bristles.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.55 - 0.75
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 0.7
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in waste places and along roadsides. in Argentina it grows from sea level to 500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zone 9. It can tolerate some frost.
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Meadows, pastures, dunes, waysides and waste places.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

The root has been used as a famine food. They are boiled for 20 minutes. The tender young leaves are eaten raw or boiled for 5 minutes. The flowering stems and buds are cooked and eaten.
Uses forage invertebrate food medicinal
Edible flowers leaves roots shoots stems
Therapeutic use Appetite stimulants (root), Breast diseases (root), Heartburn (root), Liver diseases (root), Ceremonial Medicine (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Throat Aid (unspecified), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Lithontriptic (unspecified), Resolvent (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Bile (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Tragopogon pratensis habit picture by Ernst Fürst (cc-by-sa)
Tragopogon pratensis habit picture by manon issard (cc-by-sa)
Tragopogon pratensis habit picture by Emanuela03 (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Tragopogon pratensis leaf picture by Patrick Carteret (cc-by-sa)
Tragopogon pratensis leaf picture by David Nabergoj (cc-by-sa)
Tragopogon pratensis leaf picture by Panthère Rose (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tragopogon pratensis flower picture by Uwe Winkler (cc-by-sa)
Tragopogon pratensis flower picture by Uwe Winkler (cc-by-sa)
Tragopogon pratensis flower picture by Schafroth Michael (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Tragopogon pratensis fruit picture by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)
Tragopogon pratensis fruit picture by Thomas Melan (cc-by-sa)
Tragopogon pratensis fruit picture by Pep Secem (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tragopogon pratensis world distribution map, present in Canada, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:256112-1
WFO ID wfo-0000080363
COL ID 57WKN
BDTFX ID 68767
INPN ID 127029
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Tragopogon praecox Tragopogon pratensis subsp. eupratensis Tragopogon pratensis f. pratensis Tragopogon pratensis

Lower taxons

Tragopogon pratensis subsp. pratensis Tragopogon pratensis subsp. leiocarpos Tragopogon pratensis subsp. minor