Trichanthera gigantea Humb. & Bonpl. ex Steud.

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Acanthaceae > Trichanthera

Characteristics

Large shrub or tree, 5-25 m high. Branches quadrate, angles rounded, tips minutely brown-tomentose giving pale-buff appearance, older branches lenticellate, lenticels prominent, round, ca. 1 mm in diam. Petiole 1-5 cm long, channeled, glabrous or minutely pubescent; blade ovate to oblong, 13-26 x 6-14 cm, glabrous or nearly so on upper surface, somewhat glaucous, sparsely to moderately pubescent on lower surface on primary vein and secondary veins, apex acuminate, base attenuate, margin entire to undulate. Inflorescence a terminal, loosely branched, more or less secund panicle of 3-8 x 2-3 cm; peduncle and pedicel brown-tomentose; bracts and bracteoles triangular, 3 x 2 mm, brown-tomentose. Calyx 10-12 mm long, pale green, sometimes tinged purple, brown-tomentose, lobes 7-10 x 5 mm, apically rounded; corolla 30-40 mm long, yellowish and scarlet, glabrous proximally, silky-tomentose distally, glabrous within, tube 10-15 mm long, sometimes slightly swollen or curved, throat campanulate, limb 12-15 mm wide, lobes oblong to oblong-ovate, 8-10 x 3-6 mm; stamens exserted about 10 mm beyond tips of corolla lobes, filaments 25-27 mm long, pilose, anthers greenish-brown, 6 x 1.5-2 mm, bluntly apiculate apically, bearded along sutures; ovary tomentose, stigma lobe 2 mm long. Capsule 17-20 x 6-7 x 5-6 mm, silky pubescent with closely appressed trichomes, obtuse and minutely apiculate apically; seeds 3-4 mm in diam., glabrous.
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oblong, to 23 cm long and 10 cm wide, apically acuminate or acute, basally obtuse or oblique, the margins entire to slightly undulate, the surfaces glabrous with the costa of the larger leaves sparingly pilose; petioles 1.5 to 6 cm long. Inflores-cences in terminal compact panicles, tending to be secund, to 15 cm long and 6 cm wide, light brown tomentose. Flowpers subtended by two triangular bractlets to 3 mm long; sepals 10-12 mm long, tomentose, rounded to acute at the apex; corollas shiny yellow in the throat, brownish red in the expanded portion, 3-4 cm long, glabrous at the throat, silky tomentose above, the tube 1-1.5 cm long, the limb 2-3 cm across; lobes 3-5 cm wide, oblong to oblong ovate; ovary brown tomentose; style 4-5 cm long. Capsules to 1.5-2 cm long, obtuse at apex, sericeous.
A tree. It grows 5-25 m tall. The branches are 4 angled. The tips have a brown coating. The leaf stalk is 1-5 cm long and has a channel along it and is slightly hairy. The leaf blade is oval and 13-26 cm long by 6-14 cm wide. It is slightly hairy underneath. The flowers are in a loosely branched group at the ends of branches. This is 3-8 cm long by 2-3 cm wide. The fruit capsule is 17-20 mm long by 6-7 mm wide. It has silky hairs. The seeds are 3-4 mm across.
Shrubs or small trees to 17 m; branchlets quadrangular with rounded angles, terminal portions brown tomentose; the lenticles prominent. Leaves ovate to
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 21.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer present
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Streams and swampy areas and wet forests at low elevations. Along roadsides, in clearings, swampy areas, forests and thickets.
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It is a tropical plant.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses animal food charcoal coffee substitute fodder medicinal wood
Edible leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 27 - 33
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Trichanthera gigantea unspecified picture

Distribution

Trichanthera gigantea world distribution map, present in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Trichanthera gigantea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:56505-1
WFO ID wfo-0000410436
COL ID 587SK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 841698
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Trichanthera gigantea Clerodendrum verrucosum Ruellia gigantea Besleria surinamensis Besleria verrucosa Trixanthera angularis Trichanthera gigantea var. guianensis