Trichilia emetica Vahl

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Meliaceae > Trichilia

Characteristics

Evergreen or semi-evergreen tree, usually 8–20(–25) m. tall; crown very dense, widespreading in open; foliage very dark green; bark dark grey or dark brown, rough or smooth.. Leaves up to 28 cm. long; leaflets usually 9–11, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, up to 15 × 5 cm., nearly always broadest near the middle and with the apex of lateral leaflets rounded, emarginate or broadly acute without a hollow curve; lateral nerves usually in 11–18 closely set pairs; lower surface sparsely to densely puberulous with short, weak curly or flexuous hairs, usually drying olive-green or pale yellow-brown.. Inflorescence usually condensed and many-flowered.. Calyx 0.35–0.5 cm. long, tomentellous, lobed almost to the base; lobes suborbicular, imbricate.. Petals (0.7–)1–1.6 cm. long.. Staminal tube usually 0.8–1.1 cm. long.. Capsule (unopened but mature) 1.8–2.5 cm. in diameter, usually crowded at the ends of the branchlets.. Seeds as in T. dregeana.. Fig. 8/8–10, p. 31.
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Evergreen or semi-evergreen tree up to 18 m tall, but in southern Africa usually smaller; crown very dense, widespreading in open. Leaves up to 280 mm long. Leaflets 9-11, up to 150 x 50 mm; apex of lateral leaflets rounded, emarginate or broadly acute, without a hollow curve; lower surface sparsely to densely puberulous or tomentellous with short weak curly or flexuose hairs, usually drying olive-green or pale yellow-brown; lateral nerves usually in 11-18 closely set pairs. Inflorescence usually condensed and many-flowered. Petals usually 9-14 mm long. Staminal tube usually 8-11 mm long. Fruit (ripe but unopened) 18-25 mm in diameter, usually crowded at the ends of the branchlets.
Leaves imparipinnate; petiole and rhachis up to 28 cm. long, tomentellous or densely puberulous; leaflets up to 15.5 × 5 cm., usually smaller, opposite or alternate, (3) 4–5-jugate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rarely narrowly elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, not or scarcely broadest near the apex, apex nearly always rounded or emarginate, very rarely acute, apiculate or subacuminate, base rounded or cuneate, upper surface drying olive-green or pale brown, lateral nerves in (10–12) 13–16 (19) pairs, lower surface densely puberulous with short curly hairs, especially on the nerves; petiolules up to 5 mm. long.
A large tree. It is evergreen. It grows 8-20 m high. The crown is round and widespreading. The leaves have 4-5 pairs of leaflets and one at the end. They are oblong and 12 cm long by 5.5 cm wide. They are dark green and glossy above and have short hairs underneath. The leaf stalk is 7-12 cm long. The flowers are creamy-green. The petals are 1.6 cm long. They occur in sort branched heads in the axils of leaves. These are about 5 cm long. The fruit is an almost round creamy-brown capsule. It is 2.5-3 cm across. They split into 2-3 valves. The seeds are black and covered with a red seed coat (aril).
Filaments usually 7–10 mm. long, united for about 1/2 of their length, sparsely puberulous outside, densely villous in the upper half inside. Appendages deltate, nearly 3/4 as long as anthers; anthers 2 mm. long, slightly apiculate, antherodes a little smaller, not producing pollen.
Capsule 1·8 × 1·8–2·5 × 2·5 cm., obovoid-globose, with a long stipe (0·4) 0·6–1 cm. long, slightly sulcate, surface transversely wrinkled, fulvous-tomentellous, opening by (2) 3-valves; seed black, almost completely concealed by the scarlet aril.
Medium-sized handsome evergreen tree 8–20 (25) m. tall, with a wide umbrageous crown when growing in the open; bark dark grey or dark brown, rough or smooth, foliage very dark green, glossy.
Ovary (2) 3-locular; style usually 6–8 mm. long, columnar, densely setulose-puberulous almost to the apex; style-head capitate with a crateriform apical (?) stigmatic region.
Flowers pale green, pale yellow-green or pale yellow, fragrant, borne in congested cymes in leaf-axils or towards the base of the current-year’s shoot.
Evergreen tree, up to 18 m high. Leaflets 9-11, up to 150 x 50 mm. Capsule sharply differentiated, with a 5-10 mm-long stipe. Flowers light green.
Calyx usually 3–5·5 mm. long, tomentellous, lobed almost to the base, lobes subcircular, imbricate.
Disk glabrous, thin, with 10 deltate teeth alternating with the filaments.
Petals 7 (10) –15·5 (16) mm. long, linear, tomentellous on both surfaces.
Pistillode with vestigial ovules.
Pedicels very short.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 19.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows at medium to low altitudes in forests along rivers and near the coast. In East Africa it grows from sea level to 1,835 m altitude. In West Africa it grows in the savannah. It grows in areas with a rainfall above 550 mm. It can tolerate drought. It cannot tolerate frost. It can grow in arid places.
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Locally frequent in riparian forest and in some types of munga woodland; it can be found occasionally in swamp forest, montane forest, savannah or alluvial lowland rainforest and escarpment miombo.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 4-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

CAUTION: The seeds are reported to be poisonous. The oil extracted from the seeds, without the coat, is used. Hot water is poured over the seeds and they are left to soak for a few hours then rubbed between the hands. A sweet milky liquid is extracted from the layer around the seeds. It is used as a drink or added to food. The flesh of the fruit is eaten. The fleshy layer or aril around the seeds is separated from the seeds, are soaked and cooked with sweet potato or squash.
Uses animal food bee plant dye environmental use food food additive fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil poison social use timber vertebrate poison wood
Edible arils fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Emetic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Soap (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants need to be grown from fresh seeds. Seeds germinate in 10-20 days. It can be grown by cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Trichilia emetica unspecified picture

Distribution

Trichilia emetica world distribution map, present in South Africa

Conservation status

Trichilia emetica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:579419-1
WFO ID wfo-0000455454
COL ID 588Q2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Trichilia grotei Trichilia emetica Trichilia natalensis Trichilia somalensis Trichilia roka Rochetia choensis Mafureira oleifera Trichilia jubensis Elcaja emetica Elcaja roka Trichilia umbrifera Geniostephanus tomentosus

Lower taxons

Trichilia emetica subsp. suberosa