Trichosanthes quinquangulata A.Gray

Species

Angiosperms > Cucurbitales > Cucurbitaceae > Trichosanthes

Characteristics

Climber to 20 m long, glabrous, leafy stem 2-5 mm diam., young shoots green; dioecious or occasionally monoecious. Probract (narrowly) obovate, 5-10(-20) mm long, entire, glands present. Tendrils (2-)3-5-branched. Leaves: petiole 2.5-11 cm long; blade blackish on drying, membranous, simple, unlobed or shallowly 5(-7)-angular or (shallowly) lobed, lobes (shallowly) triangular, blade in outline subcircular, 8.5-24 by 8-21 cm, ± scabrous above, glands several to many, close to the vein axils, particularly several in the axils of the main veins at the very base of the blade, 0.5-1 mm diam., cystoliths sometimes obvious above, margin entire or coarsely remotely dentate; veins 5-7, straight. Male raceme sometimes at base with 1 or 2 female or hermaphroditic flowers (see note in Rugayah 1999), glabrescent; peduncle 2-8(-12) cm long, 2-3 mm thick; rachis not thickened, 3-10 cm long, 2-3 mm thick, 5-10-flowered; bracts subpersistent, (ob)ovate-elliptic or ± rhomboid, 10-30 mm long, margin (sub)entire (rarely ± dentate in East Malesia), with glands near the midrib. Male flowers: pedicel 2-5(-25) mm long, (sub)caducous; receptacle-tube 40-50 mm long, at throat 10 mm wide; sepals long-triangular, 12-20(-30) mm long, 2-3 mm wide at base, usually with few slender sidelobes; petals obovate or broadly cuneate, 20(-30) mm long, threads 10(-15) mm long; synandrium 8 mm long, filaments glabrous, 3 mm long. Female flowers: pedicel (5-)10-20 mm long; ovary glabrous, (ovoid-)ellipsoid, 8-10 by 5-6 mm; receptacle-tube 50-60 mm long; sepals smaller and narrower than in male, entire. Fruit ripening evenly red, (depressed) globose, rarely slightly ellipsoid, (4.5-)6-8.5 cm diam., apex not beaked; exocarp leathery; pericarp firm-carnose, dry pericarp 8-15 mm thick; pulp green-black, bitter; fruiting pedicel 1.5-2.5 cm long, 3-5 mm thick, usually curved. Seeds light brown, compressed, (narrowly) elliptic, 9-14 by 4-5 by 1-2 mm, base cuneate (chisel-shaped), apex rounded or acute, margin absent, edge entire.
More
Petiole 5-11 cm, striate, punctate; leaf blade adaxially deep green, quinquangular or broadly ovate, 13-22 × 12-20 cm, membranous, shortly 5-lobed or up to middle; lobes broadly triangular or ovate-triangular, abaxially glabrous, adaxially glandular punctate and rough, margin denticulate, apex long acuminate. Plants monoecious. Male raceme 17-30 cm; peduncle glabrous, striate, 8-10-flowered; bracts ovate, 3.5-4.3 × ca. 2.5 cm, with 2 rows of brownish puncta beside main vein, entire, apex long acuminate; calyx segments linear-lanceolate, 2-3 × 0.2-0.3 cm, margin sharply 2-or 3-lobed, apex long acuminate. Female flowers not seen. Fruiting peduncle 2-3 cm, glabrous; fruit red, globose, 5-7 cm, glabrous. Seeds brown, triangular-ovate, 1-1.2 × 0.4-0.5 cm, base attenuate, apex triangular. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. Sep-Oct.
Life form -
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality monoecy
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Mature height (meter) 20.0
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AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
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AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
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Human toxicity -
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Cultivation

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Germination duration (days) 14 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
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Distribution

Trichosanthes quinquangulata world distribution map, present in China, Indonesia, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:294283-1
WFO ID wfo-0001225373
COL ID 58JQS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Anguina longiflora Anguina quinquangulata Trichosanthes longiflora Trichosanthes reineckeana Trichosanthes quinquangulata