Tridax procumbens L.

Tridax daisy (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Tridax

Characteristics

Perennial, procumbent, trailing herbs, 14-40 cm tall; stems striate with woody bases, branching, often reddish, hirsute with multicellular trichomes, somewhat denser at the nodes. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, often lobed near the base, apically acute, cuneate to attenuate at the base, the margins nearly entire to serrate-dentate, undulate, 1-6 cm long, 0.5-4 cm wide, both surfaces hirsute, generally denser on the veins; petioles 0.2-2 cm long, the bases clasping the stem. Inflorescences solitary heads; peduncles 6-18.4 cm long, striate, hirsute with long spreading hairs, denser at the summit. Heads radiate, campanulate, 0.6-2.2 cm wide (including rays), 0.6-1.4 cm high; involucral bracts 2-3-seriate, the outer bracts ovate to oblong, 3.2-6.4 mm high, 1.5-3.6 mm wide, alternating bracts somewhat longer and wider, hirsute, acute to attenuate, the margins often purple, the inner bracts ovate to obovate, 4-8 mm long, 1.5-2.7 mm wide, hirsute, somewhat convex, the margins scarious and purple, cuspidate; receptacle short conical to nearly flat, 0.9-1.5 mm high, 3-4 mm wide; paleas persistent, scarious, lanceolate, with purple, minutely laciniate margins, cuspidate, 5-8 mm long, 0.8-1.7 mm wide, the inner paleas narrower; ray florets 3-6, fertile, the corollas pale yellow to white, the ligule oblong with 2 or 3 lobes, shallowly to deeply incised, hirsute on the 2 principal veins, 2-4 mm long, 1.2-4 mm wide, the tube 2-4 mm long, hirsute, the inner lobelets 1-2, lanceolate, 0.5-1.3 mm long, the style branches recurved; disc florets numerous, fertile, the corolla yellow and often purple tinged, 3.5-6.5 mm long, 0.6-1.4 mm wide, the limb narrow tubular, tapering to the tube, pilose at the base, with 5 lanceolate lobes, apically short hirsute, the tube 0.5-1.3 mm long with a ringlike thickening near the base, the style branches slender, flattened, revolute, with subulate tips. Ray achenes brown-black, narrowly obconical, obscurely angular, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide, densely ascending pilose, the carpopodium distinct, the pappus of plumose bristles, 0.7-2.5 mm long; disc achenes brownish-black, narrowly obconical, each with a narrow annulus at the apex, densely ascending pilose, the pappus of 18 to 20 plumose bristles, alternately longer and shorter, 3.5-6 mm long. Chromosome number n = 18
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Annual or perennial herb, sprawling or ascending but with erect inflorescences, 15–50 cm tall; stems scabrid-pilose, rooting at the nodes.. Leaves petiolate, narrowly ovate or ovate, often slightly 3-lobed, 2–7(–12) cm long, 1–4(–6) cm wide, base cuneate, margins coarsely dentate to incised-dentate, apex acute to acuminate, scabrid on both surfaces; petiole 4–30 mm long.. Capitula solitary and terminal, urn-shaped; stalks of individual capitula 7–25 cm long; involucre 7–8 mm long; phyllaries in 2–3 series, green, ovate and pilose; paleae linear, 6–8 mm long, pilose near apex.. Ray florets 2–6, white, cream or pale yellow, tube 3.5 mm long, pilose near apex, ray ovate, 2.5–5 mm long, 3-dentate at apex; disc florets forming a cone, yellow, 5–7 mm long, puberulous near base.. Achenes narrowly obovoid, black, 2–2.5 mm long, hairy; pappus of many unequal plumose bristles 2.5–3 mm long in marginal florets, 4–7.5 mm long in central florets.. Fig. 164 (page 765).
Annual or perennial herb, sprawling or ascending but with erect inflorescences, 15-50 cm tall; stems scabrid-pilose, rooting at the nodes. Leaves petiolate, narrowly ovate or ovate, often slightly 3-lobed, 2-7(-12) cm long, 1-4(-6) cm wide, base cuneate, margins coarsely dentate to incised-dentate, apex acute to acuminate, scabrid on both surfaces; petiole 4-30 mm long. Capitula solitary and terminal, urn-shaped; stalks of individual capitula 7-25 cm long; involucre 7-8 mm long; phyllaries in 2-3 series, green, ovate and pilose; paleae linear, 6-8 mm long, pilose near apex. Ray florets 2-6, white, cream or pale yellow, tube 3.5 mm long, pilose near apex, ray ovate, 2.5-5 mm long, 3-dentate at apex; disc florets forming a cone, yellow, 5-7 mm long, puberulous near base. Achenes narrowly obovoid, black, 2-2.5 mm long, hairy; pappus of many unequal plumose bristles 2.5-3 mm long in marginal florets, 4-7.5 mm long in central florets.
Procumbent perennial herb, (5–) 30–60 (–90) cm high; stems striate, coarsely hispid, rooting at lower nodes. Leaves with petiole 5–10 (–20) mm long; lamina lanceolate to ovate, (20–) 25–40 (–80) mm long, (6–) 10–20 (–50) mm wide, coarsely toothed, coarsely hispid. Capitula radiate, solitary, terminal, 10–15 mm diam. (excluding rays); peduncles (15–) 20–30 cm long; outer involucral bracts herbaceous, hispid; inner bracts membranous, striate, often purplish, hairy near rounded apices; paleae lanceolate, acute, membranous, straw coloured, glabrous. Ray florets 5 or 6, pale yellow to white; ligules 4–5 mm long, deeply 3-lobed at apex, shortly pilose abaxially. Disc florets shortly pilose, yellow. Achenes narrowly obconical, c. 2 mm long, long-pilose. Pappus bristles c. 20, c. 6 mm long (those of ray florets shorter), widened at base, plumose.
Herbs, annual to perennial, caulescent, decumbent. Stems procumbent, branched at base, branches slender, spreading or ascending, 20-50 cm, hirsute. Leaves few, shortly petiolate; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm, base cuneate, margin deeply irregularly serrate, pinnatisect, segments few, narrow, apex acute or acuminate. Capitula solitary, 1-1.5 cm in diam.; peduncle 10-30 cm; involucre subcampanulate, 6-7 mm; phyllaries few seriate, hispid, outer densely grayish white, elliptic, ca. 5 mm, long hirsute, inner tinged purplish, narrower, ca. 6 mm. Ray florets 4, white. Disk florets yellow, tube ca. 5 mm, limb 5-lobed, lobes reflexed, hairy. Achenes brown, oblong, ca. 2 mm, densely silky pubescent; pappus setae 5-6 mm, shiny, plumose. Fl. Nov-Mar. 2n = 36.
A low growing herb. It grows 10-40 cm tall. The leaves are the shape of arrow heads and have teeth along the edge. The flowers are like daisy flowers and white or yellow. The fruit is heard and covered with hairs. These seeds can blow in the wind and spread rapidly.
Trailing, hairy annual or perennial herb. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, margins coarsely and irregularly toothed, petiolate. Heads solitary on long, nude peduncles. Flowers with whitish or creamy yellow rays, disc yellow or greenish; January, May to June and in September.
Leaves: petioles 1–10(–30) mm; blades 10–40(–120) × 5–20(–60) mm, often 3-lobed. Cypselae 2–2.5 mm; pappi 4–5(–7.5) mm. 2n = 36.
A low herb with weak trailing branches and long-stalked flower-heads about 1/2 in. long
Ray-florets cream-coloured, drying yellow; disk-florets yellow, often tinged reddish
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.45
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A weed of roadsides, railway embankments, cultivation, pastures and open grassy woodlands, usually on drier sandy or rocky soils, from sea level (just above highwater mark) to at least 420 m altitude.
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It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It grows along exposed dry roadsides and in lawns. In Argentina it grows between 200-2,000 m above sea level.
Sunny, dry locations, especially sandy and rocky sites like roadsides, railways, dunes, and waste places, at elevations up to 1,000 metres.
Common in waste places throughout the area, but apparently of quite recent introduction.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

This species is reportedly eaten by cattle.
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The leaves are cooked and eaten. Caution.
Uses animal food environmental use food gene source material medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Liver diseases (aerial part), Hair loss (leaf), Anti-infective agents, local (leaf), Antiparasitic agents (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Contusions (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Hemostatics (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Diarrhea (root), Alopecia (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Parasiticide (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Maggot (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Contusions (unspecified), Hemostatics (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Wound healing (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Tridax procumbens habit picture by Chamorro Silvana (cc-by-sa)
Tridax procumbens habit picture by Lekhraj Singh (cc-by-sa)
Tridax procumbens habit picture by Katarzyna Jezierska (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Tridax procumbens leaf picture by Naresh Bandari (cc-by-sa)
Tridax procumbens leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Tridax procumbens leaf picture by Prakash Rudraraju (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tridax procumbens flower picture by Silva da Gama Dagma (cc-by-sa)
Tridax procumbens flower picture by K Carozzi (cc-by-sa)
Tridax procumbens flower picture by Ricky Troopa (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Tridax procumbens fruit picture by Ricky Troopa (cc-by-sa)
Tridax procumbens fruit picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)
Tridax procumbens fruit picture by Prakash Rudraraju (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tridax procumbens world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Argentina, American Samoa, French Southern Territories, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Gambia, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Hong Kong, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Jamaica, Japan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Nepal, Nauru, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, El Salvador, South Sudan, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:257735-2
WFO ID wfo-0000086034
COL ID 58NR4
BDTFX ID 125477
INPN ID 709418
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Balbisia canescens Chrysanthemum procumbens Amellus pedunculatus Balbisia pedunculata Balbisia elongata Balbisia canescens Tridax procumbens var. canescens Tridax procumbens var. procumbens Tridax procumbens var. ovatifolia Balbisia divaricata Tridax procumbens