Trifolium arvense L.

Hare's-foot clover (en), Pied-de-lièvre (fr), Trèfle Pied-de-lièvre (fr), Trèfle des champs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Trifolium

Characteristics

Annual; stems densely sericeous, erect or ascending, not rooting at nodes. Lvs densely sericeous, especially on petioles and undersurface of leaflets; petioles c. 2-10-(20) mm long; leaflets narrowly obovate to oblong, obtuse to slightly emarginate, shortly mucronate, c. 5-20 mm long, with a few indistinct serrations; lateral veins thin and straight to leaflet margin; petiolules up to c. 1 mm long, ± equal; stipules oblong or ovate, acuminate. Infls axillary and terminal, spicate, cylindric, pedunculate, much > lvs especially at fruiting; fls numerous, sessile; bracts 0. Calyx densely sericeous, with 10 distinct veins, slightly inflated on all sides at fruiting; throat somewhat constricted, glabrous; calyx teeth subequal (lower slightly longer), much > corolla, linear, much > tube, ± erect or spreading at fruiting; sinuses obtuse. Corolla white or pink, persistent, exceeding inflated calyx tube at fruiting, 3-4 mm long. Pod glabrous, straight, < calyx, c. 2 mm long, 1-seeded; seeds c. 1 mm diam.
More
Annual, erect, freely branched, 1–4 dm, the stems soft-hairy; petioles 4–10 mm, exceeded by the subulate tips of the stipules; lfls narrowly oblanceolate, 1–2 cm, serrulate only at the tip; heads densely fld, ovoid to cylindric, 1–3 cm, on peduncles 1–3 cm; cal densely villous with hairs to 2 mm, the tube 1.5–2 mm, the setaceous lobes 3–5 mm, surpassing and partly concealing the small, whitish or pinkish cor; 2n=14. Native of Eurasia and n. Afr., found as a casual weed of roadsides and waste places, especially in light, sandy soil, throughout much of the U.S. and s. Can. May–Sept.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.28
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry moorland meadows, plowfields, sandy loams and sands, often ruderal; in the mountains of the southern former USSR, ascending on gravelly slopes to elevations of 1,500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

Uses animal food fodder forage gene source medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Astringent (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Tumor(Groin) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 9 - 16
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Trifolium arvense habit picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium arvense habit picture by Waldemar Zeja (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium arvense habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Trifolium arvense leaf picture by Julián Díaz (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium arvense leaf picture by Patrice Nodet (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium arvense leaf picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Trifolium arvense flower picture by Petra Beversdorff (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium arvense flower picture by justine wyrwal (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium arvense flower picture by Petra Beversdorff (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Trifolium arvense fruit picture by Patrice Nodet (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium arvense fruit picture by Fernandez Cusachs Marc (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium arvense fruit picture by aart (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Trifolium arvense world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Antarctica, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Malta, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Slovakia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:522881-1
WFO ID wfo-0000212967
COL ID 58PNW
BDTFX ID 68989
INPN ID 127230
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Trifolium arvense Trifolium longisetum Trifolium capitulatum Trifolium preslianum Trifolium arenivagum Trifolium brittingeri Trifolium gracile Trifolium cyrenaicum Trifolium capitellatum Trifolium brachyodon Trifolium ceretanum Trifolium lagopinum Trifolium littorale Trifolium rubellum Trifolium sabuletorum Trifolium agrestinum Trifolium arvense subsp. gracile Trifolium arvense var. gracile Trifolium arvense var. arvense Trifolium arvense var. glabrum Trifolium agrestinum subsp. lagopinum Trifolium agrestinum subsp. littorale Trifolium arvense subsp. agrestinum Trifolium arvense subsp. agrestinum Trifolium arvense subsp. brittingeri Trifolium arvense subsp. longisetosum Trifolium arvense subsp. longisetum Trifolium arvense subsp. preslianum Trifolium arvense var. aetnense Trifolium arvense var. alopecuroides Trifolium arvense var. angustifolium Trifolium arvense var. arenivagum Trifolium arvense var. australe Trifolium arvense var. ballii Trifolium arvense var. brachyodon Trifolium arvense var. capitatum Trifolium arvense var. crassicaule Trifolium arvense var. cyrenaicum Trifolium arvense var. exiguum Trifolium arvense var. lagopinum Trifolium arvense var. latifolium Trifolium arvense var. littorale Trifolium arvense var. longisetum Trifolium arvense var. maritimum Trifolium arvense var. nanum Trifolium arvense var. perpusillum Trifolium arvense var. preslianum Trifolium arvense var. rubellum Trifolium arvense var. rubellum Trifolium arvense var. rubellum Trifolium arvense var. sabuletorum Trifolium arvense var. strictior Trifolium capitellatum var. elatius