Trifolium hybridum L.

Alsike clover (en), Trèfle hybride (fr), Trèfle bâtard (fr), Trèfle fistuleux (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Trifolium

Characteristics

Perennial herbs, glabrous or glabrescent. Stems few to sev­eral from crown, erect or ascending, 15-60 cm, ridged verti­cally. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate; stipules ovate to ovate-lanceolate, base fused for ca. 1/3 of length, free blade long acu­minate, tip subulate; petioles very long in lower leaves, grad­ually reduced in upper leaves; petiolule 1-1.5 mm; leaflets broadly elliptic to ovate-elliptic or obovate, 1-3 × 1-2 cm, lat­eral veins 15-20 pairs, base broadly cuneate, margins entire to serrulate, apex obtuse (rarely emarginate). Flowers 10-50, in axillary and terminal, globose umbels, 1-2.5 cm; peduncle longer than adjacent leaves; involucre absent; bracts lanceolate, 0.5-1 mm; pedicels 3-5 mm, reflexed after anthesis. Calyx with 5 major and 5 minor veins; teeth subulate, 1-2 × length of tube. Corolla pink to white, 7-10 mm; standard elliptic, longer than wings and keel. Ovary linear; ovules 2. Legume elliptic. Seeds 2, brown to reddish, ovoid, tuberculate. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct.
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Perennial; stems glabrous, erect or ascending, not rooting at nodes. Lvs glabrous; petioles c. 10-100 mm long; leaflets elliptic to obovate, usually obtuse, cuneate at base, finely serrate, c. 10-35 mm long; lateral veins thin and straight to leaflet margin; petiolules up to c. 1 mm long, ± equal; stipules ovate, acuminate. Infls axillary, racemose, globose, pedunculate, > lvs; fls numerous; pedicel up to 6 mm long; bracts subtending fls free. Calyx glabrous or sparsely hairy, 10-veined but 5 veins often indistinct, not inflated at fruiting; throat open, glabrous or sparsely hairy; calyx teeth somewhat unequal (2 upper slightly longer), < corolla, narrowly triangular, usually much > tube, sometimes only slightly >, erect at fruiting; sinuses obtuse. Corolla usually pink, persistent, 5-10 mm long. Pod glabrous, straight, ± = calyx, 3-4 mm long, 1-4-seeded; seeds c. 1-1.5 mm diam.
Ascending perennial 3–8 dm; stipules lance-ovate, their tips free beyond the level of adnation to the petiole; lfls oval to elliptic, broadly rounded to retuse at the summit; heads numerous, globose, on peduncles 2–8 cm; fls 7–10 mm, distinctly pedicellate; cal glabrous, the nerves leading to the obtuse sinuses faint or obsolete; cal-lobes linear-subulate, not very unequal, 1.7–2.5 mm, slightly exceeding the tube; cor white and pink, turning brown after anthesis, the standard obovate-oblong, 2 mm longer than the obtuse wings; 2n=16. Native of Eurasia, escaped from cult. throughout temperate N. Amer., commoner northward. Summer.
Perennial herb, 0.1-0.7 m long; stems erect or ascending, rarely caespitose but with well-developed branches, glabrous. Leaves scattered along stems, long-petioled. Leaflets 10-30 x 10-18 mm, obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate; margin ± serrulate. Stipules 10-25 mm long, ± obovate, herbaceous, lower third adnate to petioles, apex cuspidate. Inflorescences 10-25 mm in diam., axillary, globular, 10-many-flowered; peduncles slender, longer than petioles of subtending leaves. Flowers white to pink; standard petal ovate-oblong. Flowering time Sept.? Pod slightly exserted from calyx tube, oblong, stipitate, 2-4-seeded.
A herb that keeps growing from year to year. It can lie along the ground or be erect. It grows 50 cm tall. The flowers are white and pink.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Roadsides in Britain. Damp meadows, pastures, roadsides, fields.
More
It grows in temperate places. Tasmania Herbarium.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 6-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

The leaves can be used in salads or cooked as a green. The dried flowerheads can be used for tea. The dried flower heads and seeds can be ground into flour.
Uses animal food environmental use fodder forage invertebrate food medicinal poison tea
Edible flowers leaves nectars seeds
Therapeutic use Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Veterinary Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 12 - 20
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Trifolium hybridum habit picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium hybridum habit picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium hybridum habit picture by Norm (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Trifolium hybridum leaf picture by Emanuele Santarelli (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium hybridum leaf picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium hybridum leaf picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Trifolium hybridum flower picture by Cornelia Mesmer (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium hybridum flower picture by Mariëlle Buitendijk (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium hybridum flower picture by Ruben Beyers (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Trifolium hybridum fruit picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium hybridum fruit picture by Gerrit Busser (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Trifolium hybridum world distribution map, present in Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Ecuador, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30240399-2
WFO ID wfo-0000213009
COL ID 58PVM
BDTFX ID 69136
INPN ID 127337
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Trifolium hybridum Amoria hybrida Trifolium parvulum Trifolium hybridum subsp. fistulosum Trifolium hybridum var. hybridum Trifolium hybridum f. hybridum Trifolium elegans subsp. hybridum

Lower taxons

Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum Trifolium hybridum subsp. anatolicum Trifolium hybridum subsp. elegans