Trifolium incarnatum L.

Crimson clover (en), Farouche (fr), Trèfle incarnat (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Trifolium

Characteristics

Annual; stems sparsely to densely hairy, usually sericeous, erect or ascending, not rooting at nodes. Lvs moderately hairy; petioles c. 15-80-(120) mm long; leaflets obovate, obtuse to slightly emarginate or slightly acute, sometimes shortly mucronate, cuneate at base, somewhat irregularly and usually indistinctly serrate toward apex, c. 8-30 mm long; lateral veins thin and straight to leaflet margin; petiolules up to 1.5 mm long, ± equal; stipules ovate, usually obtuse, sometimes acute. Infls terminal, spicate, usually cylindric, occasionally ovoid at early flowering, pedunculate, > subtending lf especially at fruiting; fls numerous, sessile; bracts 0. Calyx densely hairy, with 10 distinct veins, somewhat inflated on all sides at fruiting; throat open, not thickened, with a ring of hairs; calyx teeth ± equal, < corolla, linear-lanceolate, = or > tube, spreading at fruiting; sinuses acute to obtuse. Corolla crimson or scarlet, deciduous, 9-16 mm long. Pod glabrous, straight, < calyx, 3-4 mm long, 1-seeded; seeds c. 2 mm diam.
More
Annual herbs, pubescent. Stems erect or ascending, 30-100 cm, simple to sparingly branched, striate. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate, long petiolate in lower leaves, shortly petiolate in upper leaves; stipules dark green to purple, elliptic, connate and adnate to petiole for ca. 3/4 their length, membranous, veins 3-5, base sheathing, apex broadly triangular or rounded; leaflets broadly obovate to suborbicular, 1.5-3.5 cm, lateral veins 5-10, base cuneate, margins irregularly crenate, apex retuse to obtuse. Flowers 50-80(-120), in dense, cylindric, terminal heads, 3-6 × 1-1.5 cm; peduncle 2.5-7 cm, stout. Calyx densely hirsute, veins 10; teeth subulate, longer than or equal to tube. Corolla red, pink, or white, 10-15 mm; standard narrowly elliptic, acute. Ovary oblate. Legume ovoid. Seed 1, greenish brown, ovoid. Fl. and fr. May-Jul.
Annual, 3–8 dm, the stem appressed-hairy; stipules blunt, ± erose and usually red or purple around the summit; lfls broadly obovate, tapering to the base, broadly rounded or truncate above; heads ovoid or cylindric, 3–5 cm, on long, erect peduncles; fls 10–15 mm; cal-tube densely villous, 3 mm, the linear-subulate lobes subequal, 5–7 mm; cor crimson, straight, the standard oblanceolate, obtuse; 2n=14. Native of Europe, found in old fields, waste places, and roadsides as an escape from cult. May–Aug.
An annual herb. It is an erect plant. The stems are hairy. The leaves are divided into 3 leaflets. The leaflets are also hairy. The leaflets have teeth near their ends and can vary in shape. The leafy structure at the base of the leaf (stipule) is round and wavy. The flowers are small. They are in oblong heads. These occur singly at the ends of stalks. The flowers are dark red.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Fields, meadows, pastures and roadsides. Subspecies molinerii is a strictly maritime species in the UK, only found within 200 metres of the sea, preferring open habitats such as cliff-slopes that are severely droughted in the summer.
More
It is a temperate plant. It will grow in most soils. It needs an open, sunny position. It is resistant to frost but sensitive to drought. Tasmania Herbarium.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-10

Usage

The sprouted seeds are eaten in salads, sandwiches and soups. Dried flower heads are used as a tea substitute. The seeds are ground into flour.
Uses animal food breeding environmental use fodder food forage gene source green manure invertebrate food medicinal pasture poison tea
Edible flowers leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed or division.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 13 - 22
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Trifolium incarnatum habit picture by Isabelle Ribaute (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium incarnatum habit picture by El Mojito (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium incarnatum habit picture by gerard mensink (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Trifolium incarnatum leaf picture by Isabelle Ribaute (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium incarnatum leaf picture by Schwanzmeise80 (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium incarnatum leaf picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Trifolium incarnatum flower picture by Corinne Decroue (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium incarnatum flower picture by Harrie van Faassen (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium incarnatum flower picture by els Bruneel (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Trifolium incarnatum fruit picture by Olivier Brosseau (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium incarnatum fruit picture by Bakschik Bianka (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium incarnatum fruit picture by Else Nolden (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Trifolium incarnatum world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Trifolium incarnatum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:523237-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213010
COL ID 58PVS
BDTFX ID 69142
INPN ID 127340
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Trifolium stramineum Trifolium incarnatum f. albiflorum Trifolium noeanum Trifolium incarnatum var. incarnatum Trifolium incarnatum subsp. incarnatum Trifolium stellatum subvar. stramineum Trifolium incarnatum var. albiflorum Trifolium incarnatum var. album Trifolium incarnatum var. atropurpureum Trifolium incarnatum var. carneum Trifolium incarnatum var. elatius Trifolium incarnatum var. noisettii Trifolium incarnatum var. sativum Trifolium incarnatum var. vilmorinii Trifolium stellatum subsp. incarnatum Trifolium stellatum subsp. stramineum Trifolium stellatum var. elatius Trifolium incarnatum

Lower taxons

Trifolium incarnatum subsp. molinerii