Trifolium repens L.

Ladino clover (en), Trèfle rampant (fr), Trèfle de Hollande (fr), Trèfle blanc (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Trifolium

Characteristics

ascending and produced into conspicuous, small, apical teeth; petiolules short, ca. 1 mm long; petiole elongate, many times longer than the leaflets, glabrate; stipules membranaceous, 10-14 mm long, sheathing the stem, apically caudate. Inflorescences axillary, globose heads 15-30 mm across; petiole elongate, to 40 cm long, usually exceeding the peduncles, glabrate; pedicels slender, 3-5 mm long. Flowers fragrant, white (Panama), pink, red or yellow, soon turning brown; calyx glabrous, ca. 10-veined, ca. 5 mm long, the teeth subulate, the uppermost much longer and nearly as long as the tube; corolla exserted 7-8 mm from the calyx tube, the petals more or less smooth (not sulcate), the standard ca. 10 mm long, subentire, the wings with the claw narrowly orbicular, ca. 3.5 mm long, slightly auricled, the keel ca. 7 mm long, slightly shorter than the wings, oblong; stamens diadelphous, the filaments united less than 1/2 way, mostly expanded just below the anthers; ovary stipitate to about halfway up, glabrous, the style curved in the upper 1/2. Fruit linear, 4-seeded, compressed between the seeds, enclosed in the calyx.
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Perennial; stems glabrous, creeping, rooting at nodes. Lvs ± glabrous; petioles up to 140-(200) mm long; leaflets obovate to elliptic or suborbicular, obtuse to obcordate, cuneate at base, finely serrate, often with light or dark markings, c. 5-25 mm long; lateral veins thin or somewhat thickened and ± straight to leaflet margin; petiolules up to c. 1 mm long, ± equal; stipules oblong, acuminate. Infls axillary, racemose, globose, pedunculate, > lvs; fls numerous; pedicel up to 5 mm long; bracts subtending fls free. Calyx ± glabrous, 10-veined, not inflated at fruiting; throat open, glabrous; calyx teeth somewhat unequal (2 upper longer), < corolla, triangular to narrowly triangular, < tube, erect at fruiting; sinuses acute. Corolla usually white, occasionally pink to reddish, persistent, 8-12 mm long. Pod glabrous, straight, > calyx, 4-5 mm long, 2-5-seeded; seeds c. 1 mm diam.
Perennial herbs, stoloniferous, glabrous to glabrescent. Stems 10-30 cm, prostrate, rooting at nodes. Leaves long petio­late, palmately 3-foliolate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, membra­nous, with veins green or red, sheathing at base, apex subulate; petiolule 1-1.5 mm; leaflets obovate to ovate, 6-20(-40) × 8-16(-25) mm, lateral veins 13 pairs, prominent on both surfaces, base cuneate, apex emarginate to broadly rounded. Flowers 20-50(-80), in terminal, globose umbels, 1.5-4 cm; peduncle equal to or longer than petiole; involucre absent; bracts lanceolate-ov­ate, membranous; pedicels 2-5 mm, reflexed after anthesis. Ca­lyx 3-5 mm, veins 6-10; teeth shorter than tube. Corolla white, rarely pink-tinged, 5-12 mm, fragrant; standard elliptic, ca. 2 × wings and keel. Ovary sessile; ovules 3 or 4. Legume linear-oblong. Seeds 2-4, ovoid to reniform. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Perennial; stems creeping, sending up long-petioled lvs and long-peduncled heads; stipules connate beyond the level of adnation to the petiole to form a pale, tubular-amplexicaul sheath, but the tips separate; lfls broadly elliptic to obovate, rounded to retuse at the summit, 1–2 cm; fls 7–11 mm, distinctly pedicellate; cal glabrous, the tube 1.8–3 mm, the nerves leading to the acute sinuses sharply defined and ending in a purple spot; cal-lobes narrowly triangular, acuminate, unequal, the longest about equaling the tube; cor white or tinged with pink, the standard elliptic-obovate, rounded at the tip, exceeding the obtuse wings; 2n=32 (64). Native of Eurasia, commonly planted and escaped in lawns and roadsides throughout most of temperate N. Amer. All summer.
Creeping, perennial herb, 0.1-0.3 m long; stems rhizomatous, prostrate, rooting at nodes. Leaves long-petioled. Leaflets 6-25 x 10-15 mm, broadly obovate to orbicular, apex emarginate; margin sharply serrulate; parallel lateral veins forked towards margins. Stipules broad at base, upper part subulate, scarious with reddish or green nerves. Inflorescences 15-35 mm in diam., umbellate, 20-many-flowered; peduncles much longer than petioles of subtending leaves. Flowers white, yellow or pink, pedicels much longer than calyx; corolla twice as long as calyx. Petals: standard ovate-lanceolate, rounded at apex. Flowering time Oct.-Dec. Pod linear-oblong, 3-or 4-seeded, constricted between seeds.
A creeping or erect herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 20 cm high. The stems are creeping and hairless and root at the nodes. The leaves have 3 leaflets. The leaflets can be oval or heart shaped. They have a dent in at the ends. They are hairless. They are on long stalks and usually have a white band. The flowers are white and in a round head. It is on a stalk that is longer than the leaves. The pods are narrowly oblong. They are 4-5 mm long. There are 2-5 seeds.
Perennial herb, up to 300 mm high. Stems procumbent. Leaves long-petioled; leaflets < twice as long as wide, cuneate-obovate, lateral nerves straight, pale; stipules small, obovate-lanceolate, with short, subulate points. Flowers: with slender pedicels, reflexed after flowering; calyx 3-5 mm long; corolla white to pinkish; Mar.-Dec. Pod linear-oblong; constricted between seeds, 3-or 4-seeded.
Corolla white or whitish or pinkish, ± twice as long as the calyx; standard oblong; wings subequalling the claw, the auricles short and broad; keel slightly shorter than the wings.
Glabrate perennial herb, rooting at the nodes. Leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets obcordate, 8-15 mm long, 10-20 mm wide, the venation conspicuous, parallel,
Leaves long-petioled; leaflets cuneate-obovate, the lateral nerves straight, pale; stipules small, obovate-lanceolate, with short, subulate points.
Calyx glabrous; tube campanulate, 10-nerved; teeth triangular-lanceolate, subulate, pale-margined, the two upper longer.
Inflorescence globose; peduncle very long, erect; bracts small, ovate-oblong, acuminate.
Flowers with pedicels slender, reflexed after flowering.
Stems creeping and rooting at the nodes.
Pod linear-oblong, 3–4 seeded.
Perennial herb, glabrous.
Seeds ovoid, pale brown.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.29
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It does best in heavy, clay soils. It needs an open, sunny position. It suits high rainfall areas. It is resistant to frost. It suits hardiness zones 4-10. Tasmania Herbarium. In Yunnan.
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Grassland and lawns, preferring a calcareous clay soil.
Light 6-7
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The tender young leaves are soaked in salty water for several hours or boiled for 5-10 minutes then eaten. The dried flower heads can be used for tea. The flowers are sucked. The dried flower heads and seeds can be ground into flour. CAUTION: The leaves can contain cyanide so should be cooked. The plant should not be eaten in large amounts.
Uses animal food bee plant environmental use fodder food forage gene source green manure invertebrate food medicinal poison social use tea
Edible flowers leaves pods roots seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Eye Medicine (flower), Respiratory Aid (flower), Respiratory Aid (leaf), Cold Remedy (leaf), Cough Medicine (leaf), Respiratory Aid (root), Febrifuge (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Eye Medicine (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Estrogenic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Preventitive(Parotitis) (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Scrofula (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Whitlow (unspecified), Adenopathy (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Preventitive(Mumps) (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified)
Human toxicity estrogenic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 22
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Trifolium repens habit picture by Jean-Marie Frenoux (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium repens habit picture by Frank Sundermeyer (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium repens habit picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Trifolium repens leaf picture by napsbud (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium repens leaf picture by Mehmet Basbag (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium repens leaf picture by Roche Aurélie (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Trifolium repens flower picture by Pajurková Zlatka (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium repens flower picture by laurina89 (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium repens flower picture by Denys Buryi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Trifolium repens fruit picture by Olar Ilie (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium repens fruit picture by BJ BJ (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium repens fruit picture by BJ BJ (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Trifolium repens world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bahamas, Belarus, Brazil, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Faroe Islands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, Malta, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Singapore, Slovakia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:523626-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213062
COL ID 58Q4Y
BDTFX ID 69341
INPN ID 127454
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Amoria repens Trifolium repens Trifolium repens f. riparia Trifolium repens var. repens Trifolium repens var. giganteum Trifolium repens f. repens

Lower taxons

Trifolium repens var. ochranthum Trifolium repens var. orphanideum Trifolium repens subsp. repens Trifolium repens subsp. prostratum Trifolium repens subsp. macrorrhizum Trifolium repens var. orbelicum Trifolium repens var. nevadense Trifolium repens var. ochranthum