Trifolium subterraneum L.

Subterranean clover (en), Trèfle souterrain (fr), Trèfle enterreur (fr), Trèfle semeur (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Trifolium

Characteristics

Annual; stems moderately to densely hairy, procumbent, not rooting at nodes. Lvs moderately to densely hairy especially on petioles and undersurface of leaflets; petioles c. 10-50-(200) mm long; leaflets broadly obovate, emarginate to obcordate or rarely obtuse at apex, obtuse at base, ± entire or very finely serrate toward apex, often with dark markings, c. 5-15 mm long; lateral veins thin and straight or somewhat recurved to leaflet margin; petiolules c. 1-1.5 mm long, ± equal; stipules ovate, acute. Infls axillary, umbellate, pedunculate, usually ± = subtending lf; fertile fls 2-5-(7), subsessile; sterile inner fls developing after anthesis; bracts 0. Calyx tube glabrous, with indistinct veins, somewhat inflated on all sides at fruiting; throat open, hairy; calyx teeth hairy, subequal, < corolla, linear, < tube, curled at fruiting; sinuses acute. Corolla white or occasionally pink, deciduous, 10-15 mm long. Calyx of sterile fls enlarged and recurved at fruiting enclosing the recurved young pods; infructescence appressed to or buried in soil by elongated peduncle. Pod glabrous, ± straight, < calyx, 2-3 mm long, 1-seeded; seeds c. 2 mm diam.
More
Annual herb, 0.1-0.3 m high, stems decumbent, sparingly branched, slightly furrowed. Leaves long-petioled. Leaflets 8-12 mm long, obcordate, base cuneate, apex denticulate, notched. Stipules ovate, acute. Inflorescences: heads ± 10 mm in diam., obovoid, loose, long-peduncled. Flowers white, pinkish striped, ± 10 mm long. Calyx: those of sterile flowers with solid tube and linear teeth. Petals: standard elliptical. Flowering time Mar., Apr. (native countries). Fruiting heads with few seed-bearing calyces and many wire-like sterile ones deflexed to cover fertile ones and pushing them into ground, ripening underground. Pod somewhat exserted from split calyx, membranous, ± obovoid, 1-seeded.
A small herb. It grows along the ground. It is often hairy. The leaves have 3 leaflets. The leaflet colour and shape can vary. They can have dark or white marks like a crescent or spots. The leaflets tend to be round and broader at the end with a notch. The lower surface is more hairy. The flowers occur in groups or 3 or 4. They are creamy-white. These are in the axils of stems. The flowers droop downwards when mature. The flowers develop a burr which is forced towards the soil. It gets buried in the soil.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Sandy and gravelly pastures, also on cliff tops, avoiding acid soils and shady positions. Humid soils of open plains and in mountains; at elevations from sea level to 1,800 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. Tasmania Herbarium.
Light 6-7
Soil humidity 3-4
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-10

Usage

CAUTION: These leaves can have significant levels or hormones (Oestrogens).
Uses animal food environmental use fodder forage gene source green manure medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Trifolium subterraneum habit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium subterraneum habit picture by Alexandre Labbe (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium subterraneum habit picture by Campo Rodríguez (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Trifolium subterraneum leaf picture by Suarez Ana Paula (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium subterraneum leaf picture by Stefana Popova (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium subterraneum leaf picture by Le Rianon (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Trifolium subterraneum flower picture by Warren Tyrer (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium subterraneum flower picture by Laurie Pitman (cc-by-sa)
Trifolium subterraneum flower picture by Julien Rousseau (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Trifolium subterraneum fruit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Trifolium subterraneum world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, Algeria, Spain, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Trifolium subterraneum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:523761-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213094
COL ID 58Q7S
BDTFX ID 69438
INPN ID 127498
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Calycomorphum subterraneum Triphylloides comosa Trifolium yanninicum Trifolium subterraneum var. subterraneum Trifolium subterraneum var. longipes Trifolium subterraneum var. vulgare Trifolium subterraneum

Lower taxons

Trifolium subterraneum subsp. subterraneum Trifolium subterraneum subsp. oxaloides Trifolium subterraneum var. genuinum Trifolium subterraneum var. typicum