Trillium sessile L.

Toadshade (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Liliales > Melanthiaceae > Trillium

Characteristics

Rhizome very thick and stout; stem 1–3 dm at anthesis; lvs broadly ovate to rotund, sessile, rounded, broadly obtuse or obscurely cuspidate, usually only inconspicuously or not at all mottled, seldom over 9 cm at anthesis; fl sessile, foetid; sep spreading or ascending, lance-ovate, 2–3 cm; pet normally maroon (yellow or green), ascending, narrowly to broadly elliptic, narrowed to a sessile base, equaling or slightly longer than the sep and twice as long as the stamens; filaments (2–)3–4(–5) mm, less than half as long as the introrse anthers, the flattened connective with a prolongation nearly as long as the filament; stigmas 1.5–2 times as long as the subglobose, sharply 6-angled or-winged ovary; 2n=10. Rich moist woods; w. Pa. and sw. N.Y. to s. Mich., Ill., Mo., and e. Kans., s. to Md., Va., n. N.C., n. Ala., and n. Ark. Apr., May.
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A small plant. It grows 30 cm high and spreads 30-40 cm wide. The leaf like bracts are rounded or oval. They have dark mottling. These are often slightly drooping. They encircle the flower but seldom overlap. They are 7.5-10 cm long and 4-7 cm wide. They are pointed at the tip. The flowers have purple-red petals and sepals which are purple-red but with a green tinge.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 0.4
Mature height (meter) 0.4
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Rich woodlands, limestone districts, calcareous soils, floodplains, riverbanks, clayey alluvium, less fertile soils, high, dry limestone woods, persists under light pasturing, 100-300 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. They do best in cool, moist soils and in shade. They are very frost hardy. It suits hardiness zones 4-9.
Light 1-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The young unfolded leaves can be added to salads. They can be boiled for 10 minutes and served with butter and vinegar.
Uses medicinal
Edible flowers leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (leaf), Dermatological Aid (root), Poison (unspecified), Other (unspecified), Panacea (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

They can be grown by seed or by division. They are slow to establish from seed. They can take 5-7 years to reach flowering stage.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 545
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Trillium sessile habit picture by jimseng jimseng (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Trillium sessile leaf picture by clare mattingly (cc-by-sa)
Trillium sessile leaf picture by Chris Ehrich (cc-by-sa)
Trillium sessile leaf picture by kailey logue (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Trillium sessile flower picture by jude s (cc-by-sa)
Trillium sessile flower picture by jeanne (cc-by-sa)
Trillium sessile flower picture by Pinky Shalom (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Trillium sessile world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nicaragua, and United States of America

Conservation status

Trillium sessile threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:258376-2
WFO ID wfo-0000750817
COL ID 58TZJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Trillium sessile f. viridiflorum Trillium membranaceum Trillium longiflorum Trillium isanthum Phyllantherum sessile Trillium tinctorium Trillium sessile f. sessile Esdra sessilis Trillium sessile var. boreale Trillium rotundifolium Trillium sessile