Turnera ulmifolia L.

Ramgoat dashalong (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Passifloraceae > Turnera

Characteristics

Herb, erect, or small shrub, the branchlets usually densely pilose throughout, the hairs simple, pale, often appressed upwards. Leaves short-to moderately long-petiolate, the petiole to 10 mm long, usually densely appressed-puberulous; blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, sometimes almost linear, infrequently obovate, the base attenuate-cuneate and conspicuously 2-glandular, sometimes inconspicuously so or rarely eglandular, the apex acute to rarely subacute, the margins serrate-crenate especially above the half, to 5 cm long and 2 cm wide, thin-chartaceous, puberulous on both sides, but the indumentum always denser and often grayish beneath, the costa and secondary veins slightly prominent below. Flowers axillary, solitary, heterostylous; pedicels shorter than to equalling the petioles of the sub-tending leaves and adnate to them; bracteoles linear-subulate, to 10 mm long and ca 0.5 mm wide, puberulous; hypanthium ca 5-7 mm long, puberulous; sepals nar-rowly triangular, ca 9-11 mm long and 2 mm wide at the base, puberulous out-side; petals inserted near the throat of the hypanthium, long-unguiculate, to 22 mm long, yellow, sometimes dark purple or brownish at the base; stamens inserted towards the base of the hypanthium, the filaments in short-styled flowers to 12 mm long, in long-styled ones to 8 mm long, the anthers ca 3 mm long; ovary densely sericeous; style in short-styled flowers ca 5 mm long, in long-styled ones to 10 mm long, the stigmas densely penicillate. Capsules broadly ellipsoid, ca 3-4 mm high, the pericarp greenish, tuberculate and densely sericeous to sparsely short-pilose; seeds slightly arcuate, ca 2.5 mm long, glabrous.
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Perennial herb, often woody at the base, 40-150 cm high, with a frequently strong taproot; stem terete, usually leafy only in the upper part, densely appressed pubescent. Leaves at the tops of the branches often approximate or even crowded, from a cuneate, entire base rather coarsely dentate-serrate, moderately densely and not very distinctly glandular beneath, on both surfaces moderately densely clothed with longish,±patent or appressed white hairs; midrib strongly prominent beneath; petiole with 2 rather large, apical, lateral glands. Stipules erect, triangular, +-1½ mm, long-hairy. Flowers in the higher leaf-axils. Bracteoles lanceolate, broadest far above the middle, very acute. Calyx densely appressed-pubescent without, not distinctly gland-dotted, glabrous within; tube cylindrical, widened only at the very top, ½-¾ cm long; segments lanceolate, caudately acuminate, up to 2 cm long. Petals with a short, slightly hairy claw; lowermost part of flower not campanulate, blade obovate, 2¼-3 cm by 11-15 mm. Ovary ovoid with 6 small apical tubercles and between them 3 minute style-scars, densely white-hairy with a glabrous green top; styles (stigmas included) ± 2½ cm. Capsule ovoid, obtuse, rather thick-walled, 3-valved to below the middle; valves recurved in the upper part. Seeds cylindric-clavate, at the narrow end ½ crowned by a semiglobose boss, brown, 2¼-2½ cm by 5/6-1¼ mm; aril white.
Herb or shrub 0.2–2 m high, with simple and glandular hairs. Stipules 1 or 2, 0.3–0.7 mm long. Petiole (1.5–) 4–27 mm long, with 2 nectary glands (0.6–1.5 mm diam.) at junction with lamina. Lamina elliptic to ovate, 3.5–15 cm long, 1.3–5.7 cm wide; apex acute; base attenuate or cuneate; margin serrate. Prophyll elliptic to ovate, 6–29 mm long, (1–) 3–12 mm wide. Flowers solitary, homostylous, 19–41 (–60) mm diam. Peduncle 4–19 mm long, fully adnate to petiole or with a free apical portion 0.5–3 mm long. Sepals white or yellow, 14–30 mm long. Petals yellow, 14–30 (–40) mm long. Filaments 11–21 mm long, attached along 5–6 mm of length at base to floral tube forming 5 nectar pockets. Style 8.5–21 mm long. Fruit subglobose, granulose or tuberculate, 3–8 mm long. Seeds 2–3 mm long, blackish.
An small evergreen shrub. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 1 m tall. The leaves are oval and 10 cm long. They are glossy and dark green. They are softly hairy. The edges have teeth. The flowers are funnel shaped and 5 cm across. The petals are yellow. They have teeth along the edge.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.4 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In Java in sunny dry localities, 1-20 m, especially in the coastal regions: grassy fields, waste places, under coconuts, often on sandy soil, light jungles, as a rule in scattered specimens.
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Savannahs or stony fields or hillsides, often on open banks, or as a weed in waste ground, sometimes on limestone, at elevations up to 1,200 metres in Guatemala.
It is a tropical plant. It needs moderate moisture. It can grow in an average, well-drained soil. It needs full sun. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. At MARDI.
Grows in disturbed areas and woodland on sandy soil in coastal tropical areas.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Used in traditional medicine in Central America and the islands of the Caribbean to treat various ailments including coughs and fevers, menstrual discomfort and liver and kidney problems (Arbo 2005). Occasionally cultivated for its showy yellow flowers.
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The leaves are used for a stimulant tea drink. They are also used for flavouring.
Uses. In Java sometimes, but rarely, cultivated as an ornamental.
Uses animal food environmental use medicinal ornamental tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Ache(Back) (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Metroxenia (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Metrorrhagia (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Afterbirth (unspecified), Lumbago (unspecified), Vertigo (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Dyspepsia (whole plant), Vomiting (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It self seeds easily.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Turnera ulmifolia habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Turnera ulmifolia leaf picture by jeff ti (cc-by-sa)
Turnera ulmifolia leaf picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Turnera ulmifolia leaf picture by jaocdolotati (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Turnera ulmifolia flower picture by Rodriguez Patricia (cc-by-sa)
Turnera ulmifolia flower picture by Philippot Danglades (cc-by-sa)
Turnera ulmifolia flower picture by Emrique Gómezcano (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Turnera ulmifolia world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Ecuador, Spain, Fiji, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Myanmar, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Singapore, El Salvador, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Turnera ulmifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:836702-1
WFO ID wfo-0000457708
COL ID 7CZ6Q
BDTFX ID 167916
INPN ID 448524
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Turnera surinamensis Turnera corchoroides Turnera alba Turnera virgata Waltheria terminalis Turnera obtusifolia Turnera ulmifolia var. ulmifolia Turnera ulmifolia var. alba Turnera ulmifolia