Tylosema esculentum (Burch.) A.Schreib.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Tylosema

Characteristics

Stems prostrate and trailing, up to 3 m long, herbaceous or woody below; young parts sparingly to fairly densely pubescent. Tendrils forked, 1.2-4 cm long, the lateral branches 8-12 mm long. Leaves: petiole 1.5-3.5 cm long; blade 3-7.5 cm long, 4-10 cm wide, glabrous or pubescent beneath, especially on nerves, deeply bilobed apically for > 1/2 the length of the leaf from the lobe-ends to junction with petiole; lobes reniform. Stipules 3-5 mm long, 2-3 mm broad. Racemes: peduncle 2-4 cm long; axis 4-12 cm long; pedicels 2-4.5 cm long. Hypanthium 2-4 mm long. Sepals 8-12 mm long, 2-3 mm wide. Petals yellow, the four larger ones 1.5-2.5 cm long, 1-1.4 cm wide, tapering into a basal claw. Stamens: filaments of fertile stamens 10-12 mm long, of staminodes 3-6 mm long. Ovary 5-6 mm long. Pod oval to oval-oblong, sometimes almost circular, 3.5-6 cm long, 2.8-4 cm wide. Seeds oval to circular, 1.3-1.8 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, rufous to brownish-black.
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A herb or shrub. It is climbing and keeps growing from year to year. It has tuberous roots. The stem lie along the ground. They can be 6 m long. The lower parts can be woody. There are forked tendrils 1-4 cm long. The leaves are simple and arranged alternately. The leaf blade has 2 lobes. These are kidney shaped and 4-5 cm long by 5-6 cm wide. The flowers are in groups 16 cm long and at the sides. The flowers contain both sexes and are yellow turning red with age. The fruit is a oval pod 4-6 cm long by 3-4 cm wide and flattened. It is woody and usually has 1-2 seeds. The pod is constricted between the seeds. The seeds are round or oval and 2-2.5 cm long by about 1.5 cm wide. They are reddish-brown.
Herb with prostrate and trailing stems up to 3 m long. Leaf lobes reniform, 30-75 mm long, leaves divided apically for more than half of their length, petiole 30-70 mm long. Pods oval, 35-60 x 28-40 mm. Flowers yellow.
Racemes 4–12 cm long, c.8–20-flowered, rather shortly pedunculate; bracts 3–4 mm long, linear-lanceolate; bracteoles on the pedicel, a little smaller; pedicels 2–4.5 cm long.
Leaves: petiole 1.5–3.5 cm long; lamina 3–7.5 × 4–10 cm, bilobed halfway or more, cordate at the base, the lobes reniform; stipules 3–5 mm long, elliptic-oblong to obovate.
Petals yellow, the 4 larger ones 1.5–2.5 cm long, obovate above a long claw, slighly crinkled.
Sepals 8–12 mm mm long, oblong-lanceolate, tapered distally, pubescent, the upper pair fused.
Stamens: filaments of fertile stamens 10–12 mm long, those of stamonodes 3–6 mm long.
Pod red turning brown, shortly stipitate, 5–9 × 4.5–6.5 cm, ovate-oblong, glabrous.
Stems prostrate and trailing up to several metres long, herbaceous or woody below.
Seeds brown to brownish-black, 1.3–2 × 1.2–1.8 cm, ovoid to subspherical.
Branches reddish to greyish pubescent at first, glabrescent.
Ovary 5–6 mm long, glabrous or nearly so.
Tendrils forked, 1–4 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to the Kalahari desert. It grows in hot arid areas. It can tolerate drought and low soil fertility. It often grows in areas with daily maximum temperatures of 37°C and a low rainfall of 100-900 mm. It is on sandy and limestone soils. It can tolerate frost. It grows between 800-1,600 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
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Localized in patches in grassland and wooded grassland vegetation in sandy and limestone (including dolomite) soils, but not on soils developed over granite or basalt.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 4-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The root is sweet and nutritious. They are baked, boiled or roasted. The seeds are roasted or boiled and eaten. They are shelled and pounded and added to water to make soup. The seeds also produce an edible oil. The young stems are roasted and eaten. Young leafy shoots are occasionally eaten.
Uses animal food coffee substitute environmental use experimental purposes fodder food forage gene source material medicinal oil ornamental
Edible fruits leaves pods roots seeds stems tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They germinate 9-10 days after planting. Plants can re-grow from the tubers. Seeds should not be soaked or planted in waterlogged soils.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Tylosema esculentum unspecified picture

Distribution

Tylosema esculentum world distribution map, present in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:524263-1
WFO ID wfo-0000171180
COL ID 7CZTK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Tylosema esculentum Bauhinia esculenya Bauhinia bainesii Phanera burkeana Bauhinia burkeana