Urena lobata L.

Congo jute (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Urena

Characteristics

Suffrutex up to ca 3 m tall, the stem and branchlets sparsely to densely tomen-tose. Leaves with the petiole terete, up to 4 cm long, gradually shorter toward the apex of the stem and branchlets, sparsely to densely tomentose, the stipules ca 2-3 mm long; blade subcircular to ovate to oblong, subentire to angulate to 3-5-pal-matilobed or palmatiparted, cuneate or rounded or cordate at the base, the lobes entire to pinnatisect, with rounded or acute sinuses and acute to obtuse at the apex, the margins often irregularly serrate, up to 12 cm long and broad, discolor, soft to scabridulous, 3-to 9-palminerved, puberulus to tomentose on both surfaces but the indumentum usually denser beneath, the venation reticulate and slightly prominent beneath. Flowers with the pedicel ca 3-5 mm long, tomentose; epicalyx campanu-late, 4-7 mm long, the lobes narrowly ovate, connate in the lower 1/3, acute at the apex, pubescent; calyx usually slightly shorter than the epicalyx, the lobes narrowly ovate and acute, pubescent; petals obliquely obovate, rounded or truncate at the apex, shortly unguiculate, 10-18 mm long, flabellate-veined, puberulus outside, the claw barbate; staminal tube generally sparsely and minutely pilose; style branches exceeding scarcely the staminal tube. Fruit ca 10 mm in diam, the mericarps rounded at the apex, puberulus, dorsally densely glochidiate-echinate; seeds ca 2-3 mm long.
More
Subshrublike herbs, erect, to 1 m tall. Branchlets stellate tomentose. Stipules filiform, ca. 2 mm, caducous; petiole 1-4 cm, gray-white stellate; leaf blades on proximal part of stem nearly orbicular, 4-5 × 5-6 cm, base rounded or nearly cordate, margin serrate, apex 3-lobed, blades on middle part of stem ovate, 5-7 × 3-6.5 cm, those on distal part of stem oblong to lanceolate, 4-7 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially gray stellate puberulent, adaxially puberulent. Flowers solitary or slightly aggregated, axillary. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, woolly. Epicalyx lobes connate for ca. 1/3 length, ca. 6 mm, puberulent. Calyx cup-shaped, lobes 5, slightly shorter than bracteoles, stellate puberulent, caducous. Corolla reddish, ca. 15 mm in diam.; petals 5, obovate, ca. 1.5 cm, abaxially stellate puberulent. Staminal column ca. 15 mm, glabrous. Style branches 10, hirsute. Fruit flattened globose, ca. 1 cm in diam.; mericarps stellate puberulent and spiny with hooked spines. Fl. Jul-Oct.
An evergreen shrub or herb. It grows from seed each year. It grows to 2 m high and spreads to 2 m across. The stem is erect, coarse and hairy. It has an open crown. The bark is stringy. Leaves are green and have 3-5 lobes. They are soft, hairy on both sides and 4-8 cm long by 2-8 cm wide. Underneath the leaf is white with prominent veins. The edges of the leaves are finely toothed. Leaves occur at the tops of branches. The leaf stalks are hairy. Flowers occur singly and have petals united forming a tube. Flowers are pink or can be violet with yellow in the middle. The petals are soft. Flowers are 1-4 cm across. The fruit is a rough, spiny, woody, capsule. It is about 1 cm across. It has 5 cells each with one seed. The seed are wedge shaped and 3 mm long. They have a dull surface and are dark brown. There are named varieties.
Plants 1 m. Stems minutely stellate-hairy. Leaves reduced distally; stipules 2–4 mm; petioles equaling blades proximally, reduced distally to 1/4 blade length; blade paler abaxially (slightly discolorous), broadly to narrowly ovate, angulate to shallowly lobate with ± acute sinuses, usually 3–9 cm, apex acute. Inflorescences subsessile or pedicels to 7 mm; involucel 5–6 mm, subequal to calyx, lobes alternate with calyx lobes. Flowers: calyx 1/2-divided, 5–9 mm, hairy, lobes ciliate; petals 15–20 mm, abaxially hairy; staminal column 5-dentate apically, glabrous; filaments nearly absent; anthers subsessile, usually pinkish; style reflexed, slender; stigmas 2 times number of locules. Schizocarps 5-lobed, 8 mm diam., lobes convex, stellate-hairy, glochidiate-spiny spines numerous. Seeds 3–5 mm. 2n = 28, 56.
Leaves 3–5-palmatilobed with entire to pinnatisect lobes; lamina of lower leaves 4–6 × 5–7 cm., usually suborbicular, shallowly 3-lobed at the apex, rounded to subcordate at the base, of middle leaves 5–7 × 3–6·5 cm., often more ovate, of upper leaves ovate-elliptic; margin evenly or irregularly serrate; petiole 2–4 cm. long; stipules c. 3 mm. long, lanate.
Suffrutex up to c. 1 m. tall; stems sparsely to densely stellate-tomentose.
Calyx shorter than the epicalyx, densely lanate at the base of the keels.
Epicalyx c. 6 mm. long, connate in the lower 1/3 stellate-pilose.
Varying from a low woody weed to a shrub 8–10 ft. high
Flowers solitary; pedicels c. 3 mm. long, lanate.
Flowers rose-pink or yellow, 1 in. or less long
Cultivated in some of its forms.
Petals 10–15 (25) mm. long.
Fruit c. 10 mm. in diam.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It will grow in most soils and under many conditions. It is damaged by frost and drought. In Papua New Guinea it mostly grows at low altitudes but occurs to 1500 m altitude. It can grow in arid places. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
More
Roadsides; waste places; fallow fields; plantations; secondary growth; teak-forests;, often naturalized as a noxious weed. It is found at elevations from sea-level up to 2,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are eaten as a vegetable. They can be dried and used as an adulterant of patchouli leaves. The seeds can be eaten raw. They are also used in soups or porridge. The flowers are eaten raw.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use fiber food food additive fuel gene source material medicinal oil social use
Edible flowers leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (flower), Cough (flower), Diuretics (flower), Emollients (flower), Expectorants (flower), Parasympatholytics (flower), Pectoralis muscles (flower), Pharyngitis (flower), Stomatitis, aphthous (flower), Cystitis (leaf), Abdominal pain (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Colic (root), Cough (root), Diuretics (root), Emollients (root), Low back pain (root), Parasympatholytics (root), Pectoralis muscles (root), Pharyngitis (root), Stomatitis, aphthous (root), Colic (stem), Flatulence (stem), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Aftosa (unspecified), Alexiteric (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Blennorrhagia (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Cataplasm (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Filariasis (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Gastritis (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Hangover (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Hematochezia (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Nephritis (unspecified), Pleurisy (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Scald (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Yaws (unspecified), Lumbago (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Abdomen (unspecified), Aphthaee (unspecified), Calculus (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Gingivitis (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Mouth diseases (unspecified), Pharyngitis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 21 - 27
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Urena lobata habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Urena lobata habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Urena lobata habit picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Urena lobata leaf picture by marjie esteban (cc-by-sa)
Urena lobata leaf picture by Mayur Mayur Wahane (cc-by-sa)
Urena lobata leaf picture by Lima Raymundo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Urena lobata flower picture by Donna Shaynak (cc-by-sa)
Urena lobata flower picture by Orioli Mauro (cc-by-sa)
Urena lobata flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Urena lobata fruit picture by Diana (cc-by-sa)
Urena lobata fruit picture by cthulhu mittens (cc-by-sa)
Urena lobata fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Urena lobata world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Urena lobata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:564786-1
WFO ID wfo-0000417231
COL ID 7DT37
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447317
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Urena callifera Urena blumei Urena americana Urena mauritiana Urena ribesia Urena sieberi Urena obtusata Urena virgata Malachra urena Urena cana Urena aculeata Urena microcarpa Urena grandiflora Urena haenkeana Urena heteromorpha Urena phyllomorpha Urena viminea Urena reticulata Urena monopetala Urena diversifolia Urena tomentosa Urena loureiroi Urena americana Urena swartzii Urena trilobata Urena lobata var. americana Urena lobata var. lobata Urena lobata f. swartzii Urena lobata subsp. lobata Urena lobata var. tomentosa Urena lobata var. trilobata Urena lobata var. viminea Urena lobata

Lower taxons

Urena lobata var. chinensis Urena lobata var. glauca Urena lobata var. mauritiana Urena lobata var. umbonata