Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich.

Scratchbush (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Urticaceae > Urera

Characteristics

Shrub up to 3(-6) m tall. Branchlets 5-12 mm thick, puberulous to hirtellous and with stinging prickles with a broad base. Stipules 0.5-2.5 cm long, puberulous, caducous; petiole 3-22 cm long, hirtellous and with stinging prickles; blade chartaceous, broadly ovate to elliptic or narrowly ovate to oblong, 8-31 x (3.5-)8-26 cm, apex acuminate to acute, base obtuse to subcordate, margin coarsely dentate to sinuate-dentate, usually scabridulous and almost glabrous above, puberulous to hirtellous, and with stinging prickles on the main veins beneath; secondary veins 6-10 pairs. Inflorescences in the leaf axils and also below the leaves, up to ca. 10 cm long, flowers usually solitary. Staminate flowers sessile or subsessile; tepals 4-5, 1-1.5 mm long; stamens 4-5. Pistillate flowers with up to 2 mm long pedicel; tepals unequal, 0.3-0.5 mm long. Achene lens-shaped, ca. 3-4 mm, crimson; fruiting perianth white.
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Coarse, erect, subligneous herb, or a shrub or small tree, 1-6 m. high, the stem usually covered with short, stout prickles; leaves broadly ovate or round-ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 35 cm. long and 25 cm. wide, rounded or cordate at base, coarsely dentate or irregularly sinuate-dentate, usually with scattered stinging hairs above and with such hairs or prickles on the nerves beneath; plants dioecious, the flowers in much-branched cymes; fruit succulent, 3-5 mm. long, white or rose-colored.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 5 m tall. It has spines and stinging hairs. The leaves are 25 cm long by 12.5 cm wide and have teeth along the edge. They have long leaf stalks. The flowers are a cluster of pink or purple. Male and female flowers are on separate plants. The fruit is spongy and juicy and green to pink.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Common or abundant in wet or dry thickets, often in secondary growth, mostly in the lowlands at elevations up to 850 metres, but occurring also at higher elevations in Guatemala possibly because it was planted.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in moist forests but needs a sunny position.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-9
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Caution. The leaves can cause very serious stinging.
Uses environmental use fiber fibre food hedge leaf vegetable material medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible fruits leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Chill (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Vesicant (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be used as a hedge.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Urera baccifera habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Urera baccifera leaf picture by Guerra Marcelo (cc-by-sa)
Urera baccifera leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Urera baccifera leaf picture by Schnittler Martin (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Urera baccifera flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Urera baccifera flower picture by Schnittler Martin (cc-by-sa)
Urera baccifera flower picture by KarenKohler KarenKohler (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Urera baccifera fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Urera baccifera world distribution map, present in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Hong Kong, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, El Salvador, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Urera baccifera threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1044269-2
WFO ID wfo-0000416780
COL ID 7DSQF
BDTFX ID 70407
INPN ID 630853
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Calostima aculeata Urtica horrida Urtica grandidentata Urtica baccifera Urera horrida Urtica armigera Urera viridisetosa Urera rugosa Urera armigera Urera baccifera var. horrida Urera baccifera