Urera hypselodendron Wedd.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Urticaceae > Urera

Characteristics

Liana climbing to a height of 25 m. or more.. Stems with numerous adventitious roots; bark of young stems reddish-brown, pubescent to glabrescent, without protuberances and stinging hairs but with numerous large leaf-scars; older stems with glabrous, smooth or striate, reddish-brown bark, usually not peeling; sap abundant, clear.. Leaves: stipules lanceolate, fused for at least 2/3 of their length, 0.7–1.4 cm. long, 0.3–0.5 cm. wide, caducous, dark brown, puberulous outside, especially on the nerves, often ciliate; petiole 1.5–6.5 cm. long, glabrous to pubescent, very rarely with short protuberances and stinging hairs; lamina dark green, drying brownish black, ovate, 7–16.5 cm. long, 4–11.5(–15) cm. wide, base subcordate to cordate, margin crenate-dentate, with more than 35 crenations on each side, apex acuminate, rarely acute; lateral nerves 5–7 pairs, basal pair extending to upper 1/3 of lamina, tertiary nerves and nerves of higher order clearly marked, parallel, forming a scalariform pattern; upper surface glabrous, occasionally with a few stiff hairs, cystoliths punctiform to slightly elongated, lower surface glabrescent to puberulous, especially on the nerves, rarely with the whole surface pubescent, or with a few stinging hairs on the nerves.. Male inflorescences sessile or on peduncles up to ± 1 cm. long, lax, irregularly paniculate, up to ± 15 cm. in diameter, axes glabrescent to pubescent, sometimes with a few stinging hairs; ♀ inflorescences sessile or on peduncles up to 2 cm. long, up to ± 8 cm. in diameter, glabrescent to pubescent, occasionally with protuberances 1–3 mm. high, bearing stinging hairs.. Male flowers in clusters up to ± 0.5 cm. in diameter, on minutely pubescent pedicels 1–2.5 mm. long, articulated below the perianth, 4-merous, perianth ± 2 mm. in diameter.. Female flowers sessile to subsessile, densely clustered, on pedicels ± 1 mm. long; perianth-segments 4, basally fused, very unequal, 2 outer short, 2 inner subcircular, almost as long as the ovary; stigma penicillate, protruding.. Achene 1–1.5 mm. long, compressed, slightly oblique, brown, minutely granulate, enclosed by the 2 orange-red, fleshy, accrescent perianth-lobes.. Fig. 2/A–G.
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Leaves 10–18 x 7–13 cm., ovate to obovate; apex short acuminate; base rounded to subcordate; margin finely serrate or crenulate, with more than 35 crenulations on each side; lamina dark green, drying brownish black, upper surface glabrous, occasionally with a few stiff hairs, cystoliths dot-like to elongated, lower surface glabrescent to puberulous especially on the nerves, rarely entirely pubescent, or with a few stinging hairs on the nerves; triplinerved with 3–4(5) pairs of lateral nerves, the basal pair extending into upper third of lamina, tertiary nerves and nerves of higher order clearly marked, scalariform.
A woody creeper. It climbs over trees. It can climb 30 m high. The stems can be 30 cm across. The bark is rough and soft. There are roots along the stem. It has stinging hairs. It has lots of clear sap. The leaves are 10-18 cm long by 7-13 cm wide. They are oval. The base is round and there is a short tip. There are fine teeth along the edge. The flowering stalks are 4-18 cm long. They have stinging hairs. The fruit is small, dry and one seeded. It is 1 mm long.
Female inflorescences sessile or on peduncles up to c. 2 cm. long; flowers sessile to subsessile, surrounded by stinging hairs, densely clustered, on pedicels c. 1 mm. long, perianth segments 4, basally fused, very unequal, 2 outer short, 2 inner subcircular and almost as long as the ovary, stigma penicillate, protruding.
Stems with numerous adventitious roots; bark of young stems reddish-brown, pubescent to glabrescent without protuberances and stinging hairs but with numerous large leaf scars; older stems with glabrous, smooth or striate, reddish-brown bark, usually not peeling; sap copious, clear.
Male inflorescences sessile or on peduncles up to c. 1 cm. long, usually larger than the female; flowers on c. 2 mm. long pedicels, 4-merous, perianth c. 1.5 mm. in diam.
Achene 1–1.5 mm. long, compressed, slightly oblique, brown, minutely granulate, enclosed by the 2 orange-red, fleshy, accrescent perianth lobes.
Stipules dark brown, triangular to lanceolate, fused for at least two thirds of their length, up to c. 3 mm. long, puberulous, often ciliate.
Inflorescences elongated, lax cymes 4–18 cm. long, usually with numerous stinging hairs.
Petioles 4–10 cm. long, mostly with a few stinging hairs.
A woody liana, climbing to 25 m. or more high.
Life form perennial
Growth form -
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 10.0
Root system adventitious-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
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Flower color -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It climbs over rocks and grows in rough places in West and East Africa. It grows in mountain rainforest. It suits humid locations. In southern Africa it grows between 1,450-2,150 m altitude.
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Common in clearings of rain-forest and dry evergreen forest; along forest edges; riverine or ravine forests; sometimes climbing on isolated trees left in farmland; at elevations from 1,000-2,950 metres.
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Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses fiber food gene source material medicinal
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:857019-1
WFO ID wfo-0000416574
COL ID 8T2J9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Urera crenulata Urera schimperi Urera hypselodendron Urtica hypselodendron

Lower taxons

Urera hypselodendron var. flamigniana Urera hypselodendron var. platyrrhachis