Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Urticaceae > Urera

Characteristics

Robust climber to 10 m. or more.. Stems softly woody, up to 10 cm. in diameter at base; bark grey to brownish black, longitudinally striate, glabrous, rarely pubescent, with large leaf scars on young branches but very rarely with protuberances; sap copious, clear; pith wide, spongy, or stems hollow in centre.. Leaves: stipules brown, fused almost to the apex, 6–10 mm. long, pubescent on the midnerves to subsericeous outside, glabrous inside; petioles 2.5–6 cm. long, glabrous to pubescent, rarely with a few stinging hairs, which are sessile or raised on protuberances up to 0.5 mm. high; lamina coriaceous, elliptic to ovate, rarely obovate, (4–)6–12 cm. long, 3.5–8 cm. wide, base cuneate, truncate or rounded, rarely subcordate, margin entire, apex acuminate to caudate; lateral nerves 2–3(–4) pairs, the basal pair extending into upper 1/3 of lamina, all interconnected by scalariform tertiary nerves; upper surface glabrous, rarely with a few scattered stiff hairs, numerous elongated cystoliths present, lower surface glabrous, occasionally pubescent or with scattered, stiff and perhaps stinging hairs, especially on the lateral nerves, rarely with stinging hairs raised on protuberances up to 0.8 mm. high.. Male inflorescence lax, paniculate, ±6.5 cm. long, with flowers densely clustered at intervals along the axes; peduncle mostly with a few stinging hairs; ♀ inflorescence lax, paniculate, ± 2 cm. long, with small cymose clusters of flowers, peduncle with stinging hairs, especially around the clusters of flowers.. Male flowers on pedicels up to 1 mm. long, 4-merous, glabrous, perianth 1–1.75 mm. in diameter.. Female flowers sessile; perianth cylindrical, constricted at apex, with 4 blunt but clearly marked teeth, glabrous, 1–1.5 mm. long.. Achene glabrous, 1.5–2 mm. long, without markings, enclosed in the persistent, accrescent, fleshy, orange perianth.. Fig. 2/H–K, p. 8.
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Robust climber, sometimes creeping among rocks. Stems softly woody, with wide spongy pith or hollow in centre, with large leaf scars on young branches, up to 100 mm in diameter at base. Bark longitudinally striate, brown to purplish. Leaves elliptic to very broadly elliptic, 63-120 x 40-65 mm, apex acute to long-or short-attenuate, base cuneate, truncate or slightly cordate, margin entire, main veins prominent, side veins scalariform, glabrous, often discolorous; petiole 20-50 mm long, glabrous or with a few large stinging hairs, often mounted on protuberances; stipules early caducous, ±7 mm long. Female inflorescence lax, paniculate, ±20 mm long, with small cymose clusters of flowers; peduncle with a few stinging hairs. Male inflorescence lax, paniculate, ±65 mm long, with flowers densely clustered at intervals along axes and branches of inflorescence; peduncle mostly with a few stinging hairs. Female flowers sessile; perianth cylindrical, with constriction at apex, with 4 blunt but clearly marked teeth, glabrous, ±1 mm long. Male flowers on pedicels up to 1 mm long, glabrous, ±1.75 mm in diameter. Achenes glabrous, 1.5-2.0 mm long, without markings, enclosed in persisting, accrescent, fleshy, orange perianth.
Leaves (4)6–12 x 3.5–8 cm., elliptic to ovate, rarely obovate; apex acuminate to caudate; base cuneate, truncate or rounded, rarely subcordate; margin entire; lamina coriaceous, upper surface glabrous, rarely with a few scattered stiff hairs, numerous elongated cystoliths present, lower surface glabrous, occasionally pubescent or with scattered, stiff and perhaps stinging hairs, especially on the lateral nerves, rarely with stinging hairs on raised protuberances up to 0.8 mm. high; lateral nerves 2–3(4) pairs, the basal pair extending into upper third of lamina, all interconnected by scalariform-tertiary nerves.
Perennial climber, 3-10 m high. Leaves alternate, elliptic to ovate, glabrous above, elongated cystoliths present, pubescent or scattered hairs below, base cuneate or slightly cordate, margins entire; petioles up to 50 mm long; stipules brown, ± 10 mm long. Inflorescence lax, paniculate; peduncle with stinging hairs. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers on pedicels ± 1 mm long, glabrous, 4-merous, up to 1.75 mm in diam. Female flowers sessile; tepals 4, perianth cylindrical, ± 1 mm long. Flowering time Oct., Nov. Fruit an achene, ± 2 mm long, enclosed in fleshy, orange perianth, stipitate.
A soft scrambling shrub. It can be 3 m tall. It can occur in the canopy in evergreen forest. The bark is brown or greenish. The leaves are oval or heart shaped. They are 12 cm long by 6 cm wide. The surface of the leaf has a textured feel. There are 3 veins from the base. The edge of the leaf is wavy. The flowers are of separate sexes on separate plants. They are small and greenish-white. They occur in small branched sprays in the axils of leaves. The fruit are small nuts.
Male inflorescences lax, paniculate, c. 6.5 cm. long, with flowers densely clustered at intervals along the axes; peduncle mostly with a few stinging hairs; female inflorescence lax, paniculate, c. 2 cm. long, with a small cymose cluster of flowers, peduncle with stinging hairs, especially around the cluster of flowers.
Stems softly woody, up to 10 cm. in diam. at base; bark grey to brownish-black, longitudinally striate, glabrous, rarely pubescent, with large leaf scars on young branches but very rarely with raised protuberances; sap copious, clear; pith wide, spongy, or stems hollow in centre.
Petioles 2.5–6 cm. long, glabrous to pubescent, rarely with a few stinging hairs, which are sessile or raised on protuberances up to 0.5 mm. high.
Female flowers sessile; perianth 1–1.5 mm. long, cylindrical, constricted at apex, with 4 blunt but clearly marked teeth, glabrous.
Stipules brown, fused almost to the apex, 6–10 mm. long, pubescent on the midnerves to subsericeous outside, glabrous inside.
Achene glabrous, 1.5–2 mm. long, without markings, enclosed in the persistent, accrescent, fleshy, orange perianth.
Male flowers on pedicels up to 1 mm. long, 4-merous, glabrous, perianth 1–1.75 mm. in diam.
Liana, climbing to 10 m. or more.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Rainforest, riverine forest and coastal forest, especially at forest edges and in clearings, sometimes epiphytic, at elevations up to 1,600 metres.
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A tropical plant. It grows in the rainforest. It suits humid locations. It grows between 300-1,300 m above sea level.
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Usage

The young stems contain useful water. The leaves are occasionally cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses drinks fiber fibre food gene source leaf vegetable material medicinal
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
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Images

Urera trinervis unspecified picture

Distribution

Urera trinervis world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:943861-1
WFO ID wfo-0000415277
COL ID 8T2JS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Urera usambarensis Urera trinervis Urera congolensis Urera laurentii Urera cameroonensis Urera gilletii Urera arborea Elatostema trinerve Urera woodii Urera sphaerophylla Urera acuminata var. cameroonensis