Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F.W.Schmidt

Prickly goldenfleece (en), Urosperme fausse Picride (fr), Urosperme fausse picride (fr), Salsifis fausse picride (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Urospermum

Characteristics

Annual to c. 0.5 m high, with spreading to retrorse setose hairs scattered on all parts, and minute hairs on margin of leaves. Leaves undivided, or lobed to pinnatisect, with base becoming truncate, cordate or sagittate, somewhat stem-clasping upwards; margin dentate or denticulate; basal leaves few to several, variably persistent; cauline leaves few to several, to c. 25 cm long, with l:w ratio 3–6. Capitula solitary or 2; involucre 12–22 mm long, c. 5–8 mm diam.; bracts 7–10, with long spreading setose hairs, with hyaline margin slender and usually grey or broad and pale on alternate bracts, finally reflexed. Florets: ligule c. 15 mm long; style hairs pale. Achenes 10–15 mm long, somewhat sigmoidal overall, brown; basal portion flattened-obloid, 3–5 mm long, with numerous long tubercles on faces; apical portion c. 7–10 mm long, comprising a dilated part 3.5–5 mm long bearing transverse wrinkles, tapering gradually into beak c. 3.5–5 mm long. Pappus 8–12 mm long, detaching as a unit, white.
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Annual or biennial herb, up to 1.2 m high, stems hollow, with milky latex. Leaves rosulate or alternate along branched stems, entire or lyrate-pinnatifid, lobes coarsely and irregularly toothed, lower leaves petiolate, upper sessile, base broad, stem clasping, decreasing in size upwards, setose. Capitula ligulate, 1-3 corymbosely arranged, terminal at ends of long peduncles; involucral bracts in 1 row, connate at base, elliptic-lanceolate, with long setose hairs. Florets pale yellow. Flowering time Oct.-Dec. Pappus of plumose, basally widened bristles. Cypselae linear-oblong, subterete, usually curved, ribbed, beaked, beak basally swollen into bulbous, hollow part crowning the flattened, embryo-containing part of cypsela.
A low herb which keeps growing from year to year. It grows 60 cm tall. The leaves at the base are divided into lobes along the stalk. The lobes point backwards. The leaves on the stem are oval or sword shaped. They clasp the stem and the upper leaves are opposite. The flower bracts are oval or sword shaped and often have a dark violet edge. They have long points and bristly hairs. The flower heads are pale yellow. The achenes are 11-15 mm long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.45
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.07
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant. It grows on fallow land and waste ground. It grows in warm temperate places. It can grow in dry soil. It can grow in arid places. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
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Grows in a range of soils, often on rocky slopes and outcrops, in shrubland, including chenopod shrublands.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-11

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten. They are used in soups and stews. They are also used with other greens in a vegetable pie. The stems are eaten raw as a snack.
Uses food
Edible leaves roots stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 16 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Urospermum picroides habit picture by Giorgio Fornara (cc-by-sa)
Urospermum picroides habit picture by Wim Stoop (cc-by-sa)
Urospermum picroides habit picture by Miguel A. C. (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Urospermum picroides leaf picture by Andrea (cc-by-sa)
Urospermum picroides leaf picture by Riera Boronat Ferran (cc-by-sa)
Urospermum picroides leaf picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Urospermum picroides flower picture by Martin David (cc-by-sa)
Urospermum picroides flower picture by torres juan torres (cc-by-sa)
Urospermum picroides flower picture by Di Noti (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Urospermum picroides fruit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Urospermum picroides fruit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Urospermum picroides fruit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Urospermum picroides world distribution map, present in Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile, Cabo Verde, Cyprus, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, France, Georgia, Gibraltar, Greece, Croatia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Monaco, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Oman, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Slovenia, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, United States of America, Yemen, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:257067-1
WFO ID wfo-0000024742
COL ID 7DZ4C
BDTFX ID 70382
INPN ID 128256
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Tragopogon capensis Tragopogon picridoides Arnopogon picroides Urospermum capense Urospermum asperum Tragopogon asper Tragopogon aculeatus Tragopogon picroides Tragopogon sonchifolius Tragopogonodes picrodes Arnopogon asper Urospermum picroides var. asperum Urospermum picroides var. picroides Urospermum picroides var. laeve Arnopogon capensis Urospermum picroides